Degeneration would be the biggest threat for long living civilizations
The idea of intelligent life would be one of the most interesting things in the world. The thing that we would not only ones in the universe is fascinating and at the same time scary. When we are thinking about the distant future there are multiple threats what can make our civilization one of the civilizations, what would be destroyed in the history of the Universe. One of the things, what is ever mentioned is the homogenization of the genetic material. If the civilization would live long enough, the entire population would turn to one individual, and the genetic material would be similar in that individual. That means that those organisms would be actually identical twins to each other.
Degeneration of the threats is very interesting and scary threats, what we can face is the genetic degeneration, where the entire species turn to be like the homogenous group, where the entire population will be the same, and that will cause that the sicknesses can cause the end of the entire population. Here are about six billion individuals on Earth, and that means that the genetic variability would be huge, but in fact, there is only limited number of alkalis in the molecule, what we know as the DNA.
That means that there is a huge number of combinations in that molecule, but the number of combination is not limitless. In somewhere in a distant future, would happen the thing, that we lost the genetic variable of our genomes. And if our species would be degenerate, would we face the danger, that some virus would kill the entire population, and the thing is that resistance against the illnesses is like a wheel.
When we are creating the immune system and resistance against more and more deadly viruses, we might make a mistake, and lost the immune resistance against some common virus. The thing that we are creating vaccines, we are facing the situation that some northern virus would cause a similar effect with Ebola, but now the epidemic would start in Africa.
This would not be the first time in history when the normal virus would kill the entire population of humans, and one of the saddest examples of that have been the cases, where entire Indian population have dost because of influenza. This thing is that the northern or "European" viruses can cause similar epidemics, what is so deadly as some Ebola virus.
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