Why do some planets have rings?

Saturn

We know many planets that have some kind of ring system. And the most well-known of those planets is Saturn. All gas giants in our solar system have a ring system that orbits them. So there are many theories about the origin of those rings. 

There is the possibility that forming of the rings is unique. So that means there are more than one reasons why some planets have rings. But if we are thinking about the gas giants in our solar system we must realize that those planets are more distant than Earth. 

So solar wind in that area is weaker than in the Earth's distance. And that means the particle (or ion) flow from the Sun would not blow those particles away. That explains why Earth has no rings. The reason for that is the solar winds. That are blowing sand or some other particles away from the Earth's orbiter. 

"The backlit (of Saturn's) E ring, with Enceladus, silhouetted against it. The moon's south polar jets erupt brightly below it." (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

There may be many things that are forming ring systems for planets. There are three of those theories. And maybe there are many other reasons why some planets have rings. And some have not. 

*Plasma- or Van Allen rings of the planets are capturing sand bites that travel at the solar system. 

*In the case of Saturn, the shepherd moons are also playing their role in forming and anchoring the ring system. The shepherd moons are moons. That is orbiting the ring system on both sides of it. And the gravitational fields anchoring the objects in their places. 

*The Van Allen belts could capture small particles. And that explains why Uranus' rings seem to have no shepherd moons. The Van Allen ring or plasma ring can capture very light and slow-speed objects. So that means there could be many reasons why some planets have rings. 

*If the planet's distance is high enough from the Sun solar wind would not blow that dust away. 

*Destruction of the ancient moon can explain ring systems that involve large particles. 

*That moon could be destroyed by cosmic impact. Or tidal forces of the planet and its other moons can destroy that ancient moon. 

The planets with ring systems 

a) Jupiter's rings

a) "A schema of Jupiter's ring system showing the four main components. For simplicity, Metis and Adrastea are depicted as sharing their orbit. (In reality, Metis is very slightly closer to Jupiter.)" (Wikipedia, Rings of Jupiter) 

a2)

"Metis orbiting at the edge of Jupiter's main ring, as imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft in 2007" (Wikipedia/Rings of Jupiter)

b) Saturn's rings

"Side view of Saturn system, showing Enceladus in relation to the E Ring" (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

b2)

"The full set of rings, imaged as Saturn eclipsed the Sun from the vantage of the Cassini orbiter, 1.2 million km distant, on 19 July 2013 (brightness is exaggerated). Earth appears as a dot at 4 o'clock, between the G and E rings." (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

c) Uranus rings

"The scheme of Uranus's ring-moon system. Solid lines denote rings; dashed lines denote orbits of moons". (Wikipedia/Rings of Uranus)

"The scheme of Neptune's ring-moon system. Solid lines denote rings; dashed lines denote orbits of moons".

d) Neptune rings

d2) "Rings of Neptune imaged by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument" (Wikipedia/Rings of Neptune)

*There is the possibility that the planet capture the large dwarf planet and then the tidal forces will rip that dwarf planet in pieces. 

*In that case. The shepherd moons or moons that are orbiting the planet at both sides of the ring system are anchoring those objects in their places with their gravitational effects. 

And that means there is a possibility the plasma rings or Van Allen rings of giant planets capture dust, asteroids, and comets that travel in solar systems. And at least in cases where the ring system is formed of sand or other way saying small-size particles. That is the reason why some gas planets have rings. 

Another reason could be the ancient moon that is broken by cosmic impacts. That thing can be a reason, for planets like Saturn have larger objects in their rings. When that hypothetical moon is destroyed. The particles that are remaining of that ancient moon left to orbit Saturn. 

In some of this theory's other versions, Saturn collided with an asteroid cloud that could be the remnant of some ancient dwarf planet and some of those remnants remained to orbit that planet as the well-known ring system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/why-are-some-planets-surrounded-by-rings/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force

By the way...

The idea of the solar ring- or ring-shaped solar panels is taken from the planetary rings and one hoax theory. 

There is one UFO theory that I want to mention here. That theory is that the Uranus ring system is the solar panels that are orbiting the gas planet. Today that theory is crushed, but it gave an idea that maybe in the future Earth and some other planets or space colonies will get their power from solar panels that orbit the planets. 

The energy will transport to those colonies in the form of radio- laser or microwaves. That kind of solar ring or extremely thin silicone panels might solve the energy problems of the future. If those solar rings or ring-shaped solar panels are rotating or orbiting the Earth or some other planet the gravitational and centripetal force would have the same power, and they would anchor that solar panel in place. But that thing requires that the panels will move all the time. 

It's possible that between the center planet and the inner edge of the silicone panels is the frame. The orbiting silicone panel delivers energy to that stable frame. And that frame sends energy to the receiving stations on Earth. 

Image: Pinterest

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

More about theoretical extraterrestrial lifeforms

More about theoretical extraterrestrial lifeforms

We must confess one thing, and that is we cannot know, what would some extraterrestrial lifeform look like. Because we don't have straight prove about the existence of that kind of lifeform. And if we are thinking about the fossils of planet Mars, we have not thought that they might become from Earth. 

When the giant meteorite hit Earth, that could throw water and other kinds of things even to space, and those ice bites can drop to Mars. But as you see this is one of many theories about this kind of thing. The life in the universe might be very common, but intelligent lifeforms might be a very extraordinary thing.

And the thing is that culture and technology are a little bit different thing than some kind of intelligence. This makes things like SETI-program so fascinating but in the same way so difficult. We don't know, what kind of things those organisms do, or what they are looking like, but as you see, we must say something. 

Those hypothetical organisms might live in different kind of conditions, and thing what is poisonous for us might be important to those aliens. If the conditions of the hypothetical planets would be similar to Earth, but there would be the giant landmass, there might live lifeforms, which cannot ever drink water. 

For those creatures, water can be poison, because it breaks the cells, and they can get all water from the food. In some other scenarios, aliens would live in the conditions, what is full of acid. In that case, those aliens might have slime cover, which isolates the body from the acid, or their skin would renew very fast because acid would remove cells away from the skin of those creatures.

 And for those organisms the conditions, where is no acid can be deadly, because the slime would sink that organism, or their skin would become too thick, what might cause death. Same way if the aliens would live in carbon dioxide, that means that pure oxygen would burn the mitochondria of those creatures. But those aliens are only hypotheses. 

Van Maanen's star and Epsilon Eridiani's connection with SETI-program. 

Van Maanen's star (Van Maanen 2) (1) is a white dwarf and one of the nearest stars of our solar system. The distance to that white dwarf is 13,9 light-years from us. The thing that the Sun would transform into a white dwarf at the end of its life has caused an idea that or theory, that this star might have civilization, what has moved to another solar system There is no proof about the civilization but the thing is that Van Maanen's star has once been giving fascinating ideas in the mind of SciFi writers and theorists, who have got idea, that this hypothetical civilization would move to Epsilon Eridani, before the Van Maanen's star has erupted as nova. But there is no proof about that. 

Epsilon Eridani is one of the stars, where is looked at the intelligent lifeforms. The star is very well-known because the OZMA-message (3) would send it to that star. This star is too young that scientists say that they could find intelligent lifeforms or civilization around it.  

And that star is only 0,7 mass of the mass of Sun. The thing is that Epsilon Eridani is cooler than our sun, and if there could be the aliens, they would not feel comfortable on Earth, because the sun is so bright, that the skin of aliens would burn. But there is one remarkable thing in that star and the solar wind of Epsilon Eridani is very strong, 30 times more powerful than the sun (4). That tells a very strong magnetic activity. Maybe it is caused that the star is very young, but there is another explanation for that. 

And that means that there have been happening something, what causes that effect. So is that star faced the GRB (Gamma Ray Burst), which means that it would get extra energy dose. That thing can cause that magnetic field would get stronger. But the energy for that thing might be caused by some other reasons and is it possible that the overactivity of Epsilon Eridani causes that the star has impacted with some red dwarf. 

(1)

https://www.universeguide.com/star/vanmaanensstar

(2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Eridani

(3)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Ozma

(4)

The film about Epsilon Eridani

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1JsVHc0fOg

The parallel universe theory or the multiverse theory explained

The parallel universe theory or the multiverse theory explained

The parallel universe theory is also known as "multiverse theory". The thing is that this theory is allowing the existence of the other universes, megastructures what we are calling as the universes. 

This theory determines the universe as the supergroup of the supergroups of the galaxies. Another determination for the universe is that thing is one giant megastructure of the supergroups of the galaxies. And the thing is that parallel universe theory allows the existence of other megastructures in the dimension than the megastructure, where we are living.

Parallel universe theory would also explain the mystery of dark energy. The dark or additional energy comes from the other universes. The idea in the parallel universe theory is that those universes can be in the same dimension, that means that they are in the great distance from each other. The universes can be one inside another and maybe in some black holes is another universes. That means that we would see the internal universes as the black holes.

The parallel universe theory explains that the universes are like pearls in necklace if they are all in our three dimensional space. Those universes might be in other dimensions, or they can be things, what is existed between the "Big Bangs",  

But universes can also be in other dimensions and other times. The last one means that the universes can follow each other. And when the old universe would collapse, the new one would form from the "Big Bang". That means that the " Big Bangs" are following together simultaneously but the time period between those things is extremely long.

And this theory continues that because the planets are forming the solar systems, solar systems are forming the structures of the galaxies, the galaxies are forming the structures of the galaxy groups, and the galaxy groups are forming the superstructures of the supergroups of the groups of galaxies. And the supergroups of the galaxies are forming the giant megastructures in the universe.

 When we are starting to think that cosmic megastructure, we can start to think that is it possible that even universes are forming the similar megastructures with the megastructures of the galactic supergroups.  When we are thinking about the parallel universe theory, that theory allows the existence of other megastructures what are called as universes.

https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/34710/what-is-the-difference-between-parallel-universe-and-multiverse

One of the greatest invention in history, wafting ball, what can use in many purposes

 One of the greatest invention in history, wafting ball, what can use in many purposes

Balls can use to create other planets habitable

Usually, the astronomers are talking about the habitable zone around the star. In that zone, the temperature is precise right for liquidation of water, which is necessary for the life form, what is like we are. In fact, the habitable zone is not stable, and actually, without oceans, the temperature on our planet would be much higher. That's why the scientists have created the idea of the transform the planets like Venus and Mars to habitable by using the carbon to increase the temperature of the planet Mars, but the thing is that by using the silver balls, what is delivered to the atmosphere of the planet Venus scientists claims that they could decrease the temperature of that planet. If those balls would be produced by using the right technology, they can offer cover for the microbes, what would deliver the oxygen in the Venus or some other planet atmosphere.

That system would cover the microbes against the ultraviolet radiation, and they can be used in the early stages in the process of the atmosphere of the planet changing to similar to Earth. Or the large area above the Isiah Terra mountains would be covered by using the large structure, what is made by using the wafting balls, what are connected together, and those balls would locate in the very high altitude by using Kevlar ropes. That very high riding balloons would create the shelter, what is protecting the microbes, what are delivered in some area from the UV-light.

The balls are denying the growth of the seaweeds

In the state of California, the water storage are covered by using balls what mission is to deny the sunlight from the water tank Also those balls increase the pressure of the water in system, what will save the water, because the layer of the balls is pressing the bottom of the water to the tube, what conducts it to the city, and if the tubes are clean the water would travel without resistance.

That thing would make water cleaner because it denies the grow of the seaweeds. This denies the water become slimy, and that system can be cover the water tanks also for some other reason. There are tales that in those water tanks is tested the underwater drones, what are made in Palmdale. And the wafting balls are also used to map the sea currents. Those balls have been made by using ecological material, and they were equipped with the GPS system, which allows scientists to follow them by using satellites.

When we think that the water area could be covered by using balls, we could create a thing, that can control the sunlight in the water. When the system needs more sunlight the balls would collect away, and that makes possible to get more light in the water. This technology is used to keep the water system clean from seaweeds. But if we would think that the human would someday travel to the other planets this kind of systems would allow to benefit the sea areas of the water planets.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mEmwJzQjwyw

An extremely large scale version of this product. 

When we are thinking the possibility to cover the oceans with the balls with a mirror can make the atmosphere colder, and the dark balls would heat the atmosphere. There is somewhere given an idea that the planet Mars would be covered by using black carbon, which increases the temperature.

Or in the atmosphere of Venus would send billions of shining balloons, what covers large areas of that planet, and they can decrease the temperature. Nanotechnology allows creating silicon composite balls, which can act as the solar panels. Those ball-shaped nano technical solar panels could deliver to the area, and they can produce the electricity. And that dust can easily be delivered to the surface of the moon, what transfers that thing to large power satellite, as in one film was introduced. In this time the used technology is the nano-dust, which is easy to deliver. So maybe someday this thing would become true.

Could the entire planet covered by using carbon balls, where could be computer inside. In this case, there could be two layers of balls, which isolates the depth from the surface. That would be made by connecting two balls together, and if the surface ball is bigger than the ball, what is sunken, will that make the system possible. If there is a tube between those balls each ball could have miniaturized power plant inside them.

Those balls can do everything

In fact, this two-layer construction can use as the base element for the layers, what can use to create the artificial surface for the large and deep sea-area. This system or structure would allow separating the surface water from the deep water, and that would make safer to create the agriculture on the planet, what is covered with water layer. In those scenarios, the plantation would be created with hybrid vegetables, where is connected to the genomes, what are taken from the algae, and some normal vegetable. This kind of thing feels like some kind of science fiction novel, but the balls can actually be used for the colonization of the water planets.

Also, each ball can be covered by solar panels, which allows creating a wafting power plant. In some scenarios, the ball-shaped probe, what is filled with some suitable gas could someday be dropped on the surface of Titan moon oceans or some gas planet, and maybe they will observe the strange environment. That thing would get electricity from clean energy. Those computer balls would be used to create an extremely large supercomputer. In fact, those two layer ball groups can act like neuron and mirror neuron. That kind of systems might allow creating in the distant future, and maybe they are operating in the atmosphere of some gas giants or wafting on the liquid zone of those giant planets.

The mystery of the superflares and the possible life forms of the red dwarf stars

The mystery of the superflares and the possible life forms of the red dwarf stars

Superflares are the phenomenon, what is visible only in the red dwarf stars, and in that phenomenon, the energy level of those cold stars is rising even a hundred times higher than in the normal level. That makes in theory impossible to find the intelligent and highly technical civilizations in the solar systems, what are orbiting those red dwarf stars, and recently Proxima Centauri sends the superflare, what burned the planet, what orbits that star in extreme heat.

The thing what makes superflares so interesting and exciting is that sometimes there have been questions, what would cause that phenomenon, where the energy level of the small star would rise to the extremely high level for a couple of minutes. The question is, why that star would not explode, and why the energy production is increasing to that level without the reason, what is visible by using the sensors like telescopes.

The reason for superflares is no collision in the space because most of the red dwarf planetary systems are quite old, and those systems are so small, that the entire planetary system of the Gliese 581 red dwarf is orbiting in the trajectory what is nearer the star than Mercury orbits the sun. The entire planetary system of three confirmed planets and two expected planets would fit inside the trajectory of Mercury. So this is the reason, why the superflares are so devastating, and there is a possibility that there would be the life forms in those planets, but the thing that would put the brakes to the hypothesis about the intelligent alien civilizations is that those planets are mostly locked.

And that means that the sunny side the temperature would be extremely hot and the other side of those planets can live the humanoids, what would be like owls if we are thinking that they are living in the darkness. The term "being like owls" means in this text that those aliens would have big eyes, what are adapted in the dark environment.

Skeptical people might leave the next worlds without notice because they are involving the thoughts about aliens, what would use the wind energy. But for reaching the technical level must those alien civilizations live long enough for creating the necessary technology. And that's why this thing is only the hypothetical point of view the things like intelligent life forms.

Maybe those aliens have created the electronic protective field, what would turn those flares and ionized gas away from their home planet. That scenario has brought in the mind of some scientists that maybe humans can protect our planet from the ionized particles, what are causing the problems in the electric systems by turning those particles away by using a magnetic field, what is created in the satellites, what is orbiting the Earth.

So in some scenarios to space would launch the satellites what uses a magnetic field or high-power electric generators to turn the ionized particles away from the Earth, and the similar system would protect the space- and moon stations against the solar wind, what would harm the genomes and electronic components. And it would also make possible to long term live in the space. But let's go back to those hypothetical aliens and their home planet.

Because those aliens have adapted for the dark environment, those hypothetical aliens would like to operate in the night. In the terminator, the line of the light and darkness causes the wind or monsoon, what can give the stable wind power to those hypothetical aliens. so if we are continuing to think about the thing, that there would be no combustion gas on the atmosphere of the planet, where this hypothetical alien would live might cause that they would use wind power, what can be taken from the monsoon wind. And on the dark side, the flare would not have the same effect than in the bright side, and the cold environment would suck the temperature.  That means that for the life forms those super flares might not be so devastating, as we probably want to believe.

The Mars and Venus-drone missions of the NASA

Mars-drone is one of the most fascinating ideas, whatever created in the history of space exploration. The idea is to send one or more drones to the Martian atmosphere, and the mission of those ultra-light drones is to map the large areas of the red planet. And the drones might be very sophisticated tools for searching things like bacteria on the surface of that strange world. The Mars-drone mission would be a good thing to test technology, which would be used in the drone missions in the more distant worlds like Titan.

There is another planet, what might be a good target for drones, and that is of course Venus. The planet is covered by a very bold atmosphere, and this makes possible to use normal quadcopters in the mission to search the surface of that planet. In that mission, the quadcopters must be equipped to stand the extreme heat, and that's why they must be made by carbon fiber and the thermos solutions, like vacuum layer between the carbon fiber layers, would isolate the electronics from intensive heat.

And the electricity would be transferred from the HAVOC (High-Altitude Venus Operational Concept)-airships, which would transfer the electricity to those drones by using radio masers.  Those quadcopters can be operated as the swarm, and each of them they might have different sensors and that means that some of them might use radars and plasma spectrometers to search things, what is covered in the surface of that planet.

The laser would steam atoms from the surface of that planet, and the spectrometers would see the elements, what are involving the steam And some of the quadcopters could land on the surface, and they might operate as the flying microscopes, what can be moved to new locations, when one area is searched. Controlling those drones might happen by computers, what are locating in the orbiter of that planet, and of course, those drone swarms can operate independently by using WLAN connections.

The idea would test this technology, and maybe someday this kind of drones will travel to the Titan and gas planets. The problem with this kind of missions is the distance, and this is why those drone-swarms must be operated independently. So they must be equipped with highly sophisticated and advanced artificial intelligence, what makes those drones operate independently.

https://sacd.larc.nasa.gov/smab/havoc/