Showing posts with label dark matter. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dark matter. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 6, 2022

Quantum computers can find dark matter.


"In a new breakthrough, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermilab have found a way to detect dark matter using quantum computers." (ScitechDaily.com/U.S. Dept of Energy Breakthrough: Detecting Dark Matter With Quantum Computers)


1) How do quantum computers detect dark matter?


The idea of quantum computers is that they use very highly controlled superpositioned and entangled photonic qubits. The idea is that the system pack information photons. And then that photon will be superpositioned and entangled. If that superpositioned and entangled photon touches something. 

That "something" causes a disturbance in the energy level of that superpositioned and entangled particle pair. So if the superpositioned and entangled qubit touches the dark matter. That thing causes disturbance of the energy levels. 


2) What the dark matter could be? 


Dark matter is interesting. 85% of the material in the universe is formed of dark matter. That is the gravitational effect whose source is unknown. The thing that makes the dark matter interesting. Is that it can interact with visible material only by gravitation. There are galaxies there is no dark matter. And that tells that it can form similar clouds as visible material. But what is dark matter? 


There are a couple of theories about that thing. 


*Is dark matter a so-called black photon?


The idea of black photons comes from the idea that the Schwinger effect that formed all matter during the Big Bang forms two particles. Schwinger effect forms particle-antiparticle pair. So the photon should also have anti-particle pair. That "anti-photon" should be a so-called "black photon". 


*Dark matter is virtual material. 


The term "virtual material" means that dark matter could be some hollow quantum field. That quantum field can be a 2-dimensional energy ring that causes forming of a virtual black hole in that ring-shaped structure. That thing explains why it's so hard to detect. 

There is a possibility that also hyper energy photons or some unknown very heavy but small particles are forming that mysterious dark matter. That particle could be like Higgs Boson. But it could exist only small moment. And when that particle vaporizes, it forms the thing called dark energy. 

So in this model dark energy and dark matter have the same source. But where that hypothetical vaporization happens? Does it happen in the plasma of the universe or outside the plasma bubble that is called the universe? 


*Dark matter is extremely high and low energy particles. 


The idea is that dark matter can be so high-energy level particles that they are pushing all radiation away from them. That makes those particles act like stealth aircraft. When wave motion travels or flows over them that causes the situation that there is no reflection from that matter. 

In the low energy model, the dark matter is simple flat material. The energy level of that material is so low that it cannot react.


*Dark matter is quantum-size black holes. 


There is the possibility that dark matter is quantum-size black holes or mysterious graviton particles. If that model is true that explains why we cannot see that particle. In that model, the whisk-looking structure of elementary particles would form at the surface of the magnetic field of that extremely small particle. So the quantum-size black hole hovers in the middle of the quark. 


https://scitechdaily.com/u-s-dept-of-energy-breakthrough-detecting-dark-matter-with-quantum-computers/


https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, February 23, 2022

Magnetic fields are feeding black holes.


"This figure shows the magnetic field orientation (streamlines) and direction (animated streamlines) in the central 1 kpc starburst ring of the spiral galaxy NGC 1097 using data from the radio polarimetric observations. Credit: Lopez-Rodriguez et al". (ScitechDaily, SOFIA Reveals How Magnetic Fields Help Feed a Supermassive Black Hole)


String theory determines material as the ball of 2D strings. Those strings form the yarn ball-type structure called particles. The wave-particle duality means that material can turn to string or wave movement. And the counter-reaction should also be possible. The string can turn into a particle. Only elementary particles like quarks can form from that thing. 

So if we want to compare string with yarn ball we should only take the string that has the right length for creating dark matter. The idea is simple we should only determine the length of the string that forms dark matter. And then we could build dark matter quite easily. But as you know making that thing into practice requires a little bit of work. 

So string theory means that. The strings that are forming material are like quantum-size lightning. And the wave-particle duality means that the material is one form of energy. Wave-particle duality means that particles have mass. And because wave movement can turn to particles. Also, the wave movement must have a mass. 

Annihilation has shown that material can turn to energy. So there should be the mirror-reaction ("anti-annihilation") where wave movement turns to particles. In laboratories wave movement has turned to subatomic particle-antiparticle pairs. 

Black holes are the things that are pulling wave movement in them. The point where photons are dropping in the black hole. Is called the event horizon. And behind that point, every object travels at the same speed. This thing happens with normal and supermassive black holes. When that outcoming wave movement hits the halo of the black hole. 

That thing increases their energy level. And black holes will pull that energy inside it. Whenever a particle of wave movement drops in a black hole. That raises the energy level of the black hole. 

The black hole is an extreme version of the zero-point energy system. When the black hole pulls energy inside it. That energy will turn it stronger. So when wave movement drops in the black hole. A similar situation is visible in laboratories where electrons or atoms are stressed with radiation their weight increases. 


https://scitechdaily.com/sofia-reveals-how-magnetic-fields-help-feed-a-supermassive-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality


Image:) https://scitechdaily.com/sofia-reveals-how-magnetic-fields-help-feed-a-supermassive-black-hole/



https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, December 29, 2021

Where is "Planet 9"?

   

 Where is "Planet 9"?


Planet Neptune


The mystery of Planet X or Planet 9 is an interesting thing. There is something that causes errors in the trajectory of planet Neptune. And that thing is predicted to be an unknown planet. The thing that makes this planet so mysterious is that it hasn't been detected yet. 

There is the possibility that the temperature of the surface of that planet is about 3 Kelvin which means it hides in the cosmic background. But as you see that mysterious planet is theory. 

There is also another explanation about the error of the trajectory of planet Neptune. That theory goes like this: a gravitational effect of Alpha Centauri, Proxima Centauri, and Luhman-16 systems is causing that error. But that gravitational effect should affect also Oort clouds. Sometimes the group of small asteroids at the Kuiper Belt has explained the source of the mysterious errors in the trajectory of Neptune. 

So what causes those famous. And also unknown errors to the trajectory of Neptune? Is it some kind of energy burst? And does that thing have some kind of connection with Neptune's "Dark spots"? 

The thing is that that the source of the mysterious gravitational effect is unknown. Researchers are offered The grapefruit-size black hole and dark matter clouds for the thing that is causing the error in the trajectory of Neptune. The problem with those explanations is. That this kind of gravitational effect should cause the atmosphere of that planet. 

Sometimes there is suspicion that the wormhole is causing the energy effect that causes the mysterious error in trajectory. When the object is near zero kelvin degrees the methane can close the helium in it like minerals are closing water in them. 

When the wormhole travels through the object it will expand helium and destroy the crystals that are closing the helium in them. The energy of the wormhole would start to boil helium. And that starts the mysterious geyser burst at extremely low pressure and gravitation. But nobody has proven the existence of wormholes yet.

The thing is that planet 9 is sometimes searched very intensively. And the last time was when astronomers found the planet Proxima B near Proxima Centauri. There is made billions of profiles about that mysterious effect. "Planet 9" is predicted to be a very old rocky planet where is no volcanic activity. That means it could be the rogue planet formed somewhere else in the universe. Maybe the nova or supernova explosion has pushed that object away from its star. But the only thing that is confirmed is the mysterious gravitational effect in the trajectory of Neptune. 


https://astronomy.com/news/2020/07/is-planet-nine-a-black-hole-or-a-planet-harvard-scientists-suggest-a-way-to-find-out


https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-researchers-find-evidence-real-ninth-planet-49523


https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/hubble-confirms-new-dark-spot-on-neptune/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/planet-9-may-be-closer-and-easier-to-find-than-thought-if-it-exists


https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/science/astronomy-planet-nine-black-hole.html


https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/22/science/neptune-dark-spot.html



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine


Image: https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/hubble-confirms-new-dark-spot-on-neptune/


https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/


Sunday, December 22, 2019

The dark matter and the forming of galaxies

The dark matter and the forming of galaxies

The dark matter can form also other nebulas than galaxies. 


The forming of the first protogalaxies started quite soon after the Big Bang. And the scientists have found the galaxy, what is forming purely the dark matter. That galaxy has proven that the dark matter interacts with other material by gravity and the dark galaxy has caused thoughts that can we see that galaxy if we would be very near that thing?

So is the dark matter glass, what will let the light go through it, or is it like some kind of carbon bite, what we see as a shadow against the normal galaxies. The thing is fascinating because of the form of dark matter is important, when we are thinking about the possibility to see that thing, and if there is a large number of dark material in some galaxy, we might think that could we see that material even in the short distances.

But we know that dark matter acts like normal material and forms the clouds like other material. The thing in gravity is that every single object in the universe has gravity field. When we are thinking about the gravity field and atoms, we must realize that every single star and planet is the combination of atoms as well as interplanetary nebulas are.

The idea of the next part of the text is taken from reality, that dark matter interacts only by gravity. So that means that the interaction between dark matter and other particles would be very slow except near black holes or neutron stars, which would behave dark matter like normal matter, and their gravity field is really strong. That means they would pull the dark matter to them and sling into space.

One of the impressive thoughts is how black hole or neutron star acts if they are getting in the nebula, what is formed by dark matter?


So if the dark matter is forming the similar nebulas what normal material forms in the visible versions of the interplanetary nebulas, the thing is that the dark nebulas might have a bigger effect on other particles in galaxies. And if we are thinking the case that the dark matter would interact with the gravity, that thing can cause the forming of the supermassive black holes in the points, where we cannot expect their forming.

When we are turning back to the dark galaxy, we might think the questions, is there be a possibility that there are galaxies, where is not a single planet? Or where is not a single solid planet? And what would look like a galaxy, where are only stars and the supermassive black hole, where the material would drop. The thing is that black holes are also pulling the dark matter inside them.

And because the dark matter would act like normal material, but the interaction happens only by gravity, that means there could be galaxies, what has formed by the dark matter, but what has the supermassive black hole inside them. But what the dark matter looks like, if it would drop in the black hole? Would that very powerful object turn the dark matter to the normal matter, or does the dark matter what is dropping in the black hole send some kind of radiation.

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Schrödinger's cat and the material version about that example

 


Schrödinger's cat and the material version about that example


Could photon form the material?


Could there be material, what is not particle or energy? Or what could change the form between particle and radiation freely? And can photons form material? If we are thinking about the last question, we might say that we have ever faced the case, that there is a single structure, what is formed by the photons. Or should we rather say "the kinetic structure, what is formed by photons"? 

Light is forming by photons, so we might say, that there is an astral structure, which is forming by the light because photons are particles of light. Is the photon the key to one of the most fascinating material theories in the world, what is known as the "photon material" or "Schrodinger's material"?

The theory of "Shcrödinger's material" bases the example of what is known as "Schrödinger's cat"(1). When Erwin Schrödinger wrote his great example of the cat, what is not dead or alive, the philosophers started to create the idea of the material that is not material or energy. That material would be something, that we cannot even understand. The difference between Schrödinger material and "dark matter" is that the theoretical "Schrodinger material" can transform itself into material and energy. 

But here we must ask "does the material take the form of energy and backward anyway"?, So what this theoretical material would be, and what makes it so different than normal material. The idea about "Schrödinger's material" is that is created by pure light or photons, and the base of that thing is the theory that photon has mass. And if the photon has mass it is material. 

So if the photon has mass, that thing can create the atoms and then the atoms can form the structures. But as you might notice, there is one thing, that makes these kinds of theories hard to prove. There is not a single observation about the atom, what is forming only photons, and this means that the theory of the material, what is "pure light" is only theory, but as you might understand, theories are base for experiments and proving things. 

Is photon one version of dark matter?


The idea of this thing has been taken from the idea, that the dark matter is the "quantum fog", what interacts with other particles only by gravity because those particles have no "spin". So there is hot and cold dark matter, the hot dark matter, what interacts but very slowly. And the cold dark matter, what interacts only by the gravity. So if the material would react very fast, it would need the electromagnetic field for reacting. 

The subatomic particles would not have really big mass, which means that the gravity or gravitational interaction between those particles is extremely weak. That means that the interaction is also extremely slow, and it cannot happen until the universe is an extremely stable condition. 

And the 3-kelvin radiation would deny that interaction. So the question is, is the photon one version of dark matter. When photon leaves from a star or other light source, is it possible that it would someday stop. Or can the photon make the lattices metals can form? 

If it could make that thing someday, what does this material look like? This is a nice thing about theories, we can think things freely and make models, and when something has been proven, that thing would be to end of speculation, what is like the end of the road. The theory stops to be theory, which ties the researchers to the proven formula. 

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Monday, December 9, 2019

Dark matter, ghosts, and quantum spiritualism



Dark matter, ghosts, and quantum spiritualism


Hot and cold dark matter


Cold dark matter

Sometimes when we are talking about the dark matter, we are forgetting that thing means the subatomic particles, what are not reacting together. Cold dark matter means the matter what doesn't reacting anyways except by gravity. That means that we cannot observe this material, and in theories, that material cannot form anything else than black holes, because the gravity would someday pull them to one point. The point in this theory is that the dark matter reacts, but it reacts so slowly, that we cannot follow that reaction.

Gravity between quarks and other subatomic particles is not very strong, and that means that those particles do react very slowly, and they are acting like fog, which is composing of the very tiny subatomic particles. That quantum fog is reacting to gravity, and because of every particle in the universe is in interaction, that means that because other material would react with dark matter, the dark matter must also react with other matter. And that interaction will deny the forming of the planets and stars, which are composing of dark material. But as you might be noticed, here I spoke about cold dark matter. The hot dark matter interacts with a little bit of different way.

Hot dark matter means the dark matter, which rotates very slowly. The dark matter is the limbo between "cold" or non-reacting dark matter and the material. And when we are talking about material, we are meaning material, what we can observe, and the interaction between particles of the hot dark matter is stronger than the interaction of the particles of cold dark matter, and the interrupt what denies the forming of the molecules, what is composing of hot dark matter must be stronger, that thing can make possible that somewhere at universe is worlds, what is forming of hot dark matter.

So the conclusion is... (Is the quantum theory key to quantum spiritualism?)

In this part of the text "spiritualism" means the ability to control subatomic particles by using the electricity of brains. If that thing is possible, we would have a powerful tool in our hands. When we are thinking that dark matter is electrons, what is not rotating, we are forgotten one thing, they might be electrons and other subatomic particles, which is rotating very very slowly. This version of dark matter is called "hot dark matter". But actually, we should replace the word "electron" by using words "subatomic particles".

And that thing has created an idea that the human nervous system can create electromagnetic turbulence, which can affect the movements of the particles of dark matter. This has been created theory, what is called quantum spiritualism. The idea is that the dark matter is really easy to affect, and that thing would cause the idea, that the human brains could load the subatomic particles as the extended version of the neurotransmitters.

Ghosts and quantum world

The quantum spiritualism is the new thing. would explain many things, but those things are really hard to prove. So when you read this kind of text, please don't be so serious. The quantum telepathy means that the ions or dark matter would be used as the extended version of neurotransmitters, and the person who has been practiced enough could take animals like ants in control, and use them as robots. But there is no evidence about that case.

There is one theory, that the ghosts are creatures, which is composed of dark matter or some kind of projection from another dimension, and in this case, the material would be visible for creatures, which are composed of dark matter.  So the idea of this thing is that the worlds of dark material would be overlapping with the words, where we are living.

Because we cannot see dark matter, we couldn't see those hypothetical creatures, which means that they are existing. But we cannot see them in the normal situation, because of the turbulence of the daylight or the photons, what is coming from the sun. Those creatures would be visible only in the cases, where the eyes would be filled with visual purple. This would allow us to see those creatures in some special situations, like when we are spending lots of time in the dark cave, where is no light. That thing would pump our eyes full of visual purple.


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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter



Saturday, December 7, 2019

Universe from the Big Bang theory to the theory of Great Annihilation




Universe from the Big Bang theory  to the theory of Great Annihilation

At the beginning was something, what is called the Big Bang

Just after the Big Bang was only subatomic particles existed. There were many explosions during the Big Bang when particles and antiparticles touched together. And just before the hot Big Bang happened thing, what is called a cold Big Bang. During that process, a large number of particles released to the universe, and could those particles forming the thing, what is called "dark matter"?

The thing is that when those particles released to the universe there was nothing. And when the particles came to absolute emptiness, there was nothing and even radiation has not in that space those particles were not rotated. When the hot big bang started those particles just flew too fast, and the radiation couldn't reach them.

This means that those particles couldn't start the rotation movement, which is called spin. That thing makes them unable to react with other particles, except by gravity, and that causes ideas, that could the particles of dark matter create black holes or things like planets or even solar systems, what we cannot see?

So the thing is was the Big Nang some kind of wormhole and the material traveled across that tunnel. That thing could explain the form of dark matter. When the particles traveled through that tunnel, the electrons and quarks, what touched the "wall" of that wormhole or tunnel started to rotate, and the particles that traveled in the middle of the tunnel would not rotate.

That means that they couldn't get magnet field, and those particles, what traveled in the middle of wormhole turned to the "Dark matter". And then the rest of subatomic particles turned to electrons and positrons and quarks and anti-quarks. The subatomic particles reacted together, and then the material started to form in the quark fusion.

Is dark matter the electron that spin or rotation is stopped? Or is the dark matter the particles, what traveled too fast that the radiation from hot Big Bang couldn't reach them.

At the beginning of the time at the Big Bang formed two or three types of material. "Normal material" "Antimateria" and "Dark Matter". When we are thinking about the forming of the "Dark matter" in the Big Bang, we might think that the "dark matter" has been released first, and when those particles released, they couldn't react with other material or radiation. And that caused the effect, that the material, what could be the stopped electrons would not start their rotation. And that causes this material cannot react with other material, because of the lack of the magnetic field.

So again we are starting to think about the thing, which is called "dark matter". The question is what is why dark matter doesn't react? Is it something, like an electron, what spin or rotation has been stopped?

That thing would explain why it doesn't react with other materials. In the quantum world, the rotation of electron makes it acting like a small generator. The rotation movement would make the magnet field for electron, and when the spin of the electron stops, that particle loses a magnetic field, and that makes the electron unable to react with other material. But because the electron has the mass, that thing causes that dark matter has the mass, which reacts with other particles by gravity.

The direction of the rotation of the electron means very much

When Niels Bohr and other scientists created an idea of quantum theories, they would not even realize, how important those things are changing, when we are creating very small and fast computers. When we are creating an idea that new and more accurate models, what are creating new things for science, we must create more and more effective computers and in this kind of process, quantum theories like quantum mechanics turn very important.

The rotating of the electron is called "spin". Who cares, what is the direction of the rotation of electron. That direction is really important because it determines is the particle electron or positron. And if the electron turns to positron it releases a very high level of energy, when it touches it's mirror particle, what is the electron.

The thing that can destroy the entire universe.

So this thing has created one of the most horrific scenarios in the world. That scenario is that what if some force like impacting of black holes can make the dark matter rotating different directions? That makes possible that the electrons and positrons would start to hit together. And if this phenomenon will expand the entire universe would be destroyed in the giant annihilation.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The mysterious dark energy and dark matter

The mysterious dark energy and dark matter

Are particles of dark matter(1) tiny black holes, what is pulling energy even from other universes?

When we are thinking about the form of dark matter, that thing would be very interesting, because we see that material because of its gravity. And if we are thinking that gravity effects dark matter as it affects normal material. That means that also dark matter can form the planets and at least black holes. But another mystic thing called dark energy(2) denies that thing. 

So what is the dark energy? One explanation would be that the dark matter is the tiny black holes, what are smaller than gluons, and those tiny black holes are bringing energy from another side of the universe or other universes, and that energy or radiation would push those tiny black holes or particles of dark matter away from each other. 

Are free gluons (3) the dark energy or dark matter

Is the gluon the dark energy or dark matter? So is it possible that gluon is some kind of extreme tiny black hole? I know that the black holes are erupting and filled if they are too small, but what if the black hole is smaller than the tiniest known particles would mean the black holes would be smaller than quarks. When we are thinking about the forming of those extremely small black holes, that thing would create, when the quarks are touching each other. And the extremely small size would make them allowing to get energy from the surrounding radiation. 

So what is the form of this radiation? That is the problem with dark matter and dark energy. If the dark energy is the same thing with dark matter, the dark matter would be the particle, and the dark energy must also have carrier particles like other base forces of the universe. The electricity or electromagnetism has the lepton, what is the name for electron when it is somewhere else than the orbiter. 

Every force in nature must have a carrier particle. But we have not any single graviton (4), the hypothetical carrier particle of the gravity yeat. So is hypothetical graviton the dark matter? And why we haven't seen them yet? 

W and Z bosons (5) are the carriers of the weak nuclear force or weak interaction (6) and the carrier of the strong nuclear force or strong interaction(7) is the gluon. So the answer to the material or dark matter might be found from gluons. Are gluons, what is away from the quarks dark matter? That is the question, what we might think very hard. The thing is that without dark matter the galaxies would destroy because the radiation pressure of stars would drive them away from the form. 

The dark matter has the gravity field, and there are many thoughts and ideas, what this thing is. When the scientists found galaxies, where is too little dark matter(8), we might ask, what has been happened. Some explanations are that the bizarre galaxy is simple closer than astronomers thought (9). 

Even the alert was wrong, and the galaxies had dark matter this thing makes me think about the dark matter and the form of it, could it create something bigger and kinetic? Sometimes in this kind of things are causing thoughts that are those particles of dark matter started to accumulate to larger particles, and the interesting thing is that is it possible that dark matter would create the particle, what is the size of a planet or is it possible that the dark matter would accumulate to the black hole? 

The problem with dark matter is that it has no other interaction with other particles than gravity. So if the dark matter would have a gravity field that means that the gravity must make those particles acting like normal material. But the dark energy is keeping those particles away from each other. 

 One of the most interesting explanations or theory for that thing is that the dark matter would be tiny black holes, what are pulling the gluons around it. Or they can bring energy from somewhere another side of the universe or even from the other universes through tiny wormholes, and that extra energy would act like some exhaust gas of the rocket, and push the particles of dark matter away from each other. As I have written at the beginning of this text.
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Saturday, June 8, 2019

Could the short-term black hole cause the effect, what is called as dark matter?

Could the short-term black hole cause the effect, what is called as dark matter?

1. Is it possible that electromagnetic radiation forms the short-term black hole in the fullerene ball?

There is theory, that the nano-sized black holes are creating the dark matter. in this theory the electrons are hitting to the ball-shaped crystals or fullerene balls. And if there is gas inside those balls, the electrons would slow, causing the short term forming of a tiny black hole. That black hole would stay a stable only couple of nano-seconds. If that thing happens simultaneously the particle would act like stroboscope light.

There is an idea, that the fullerene-ball would be filled with gas, and when the high-power electricity would conduct to that structure, it would create a short-term black hole in the fullerene ball. And that would make possible to create an ultimate-stealth system, what is invisible in radar, infrared and even for the human eye.

2. Dark matter means material, which absorbs every kind of radiation.

Dark matter, or matter what absorbs all radiation would make things invisible in every kind of observation sensors. The dark matter is the term, which means invisible material and energy, which is the dominant thing in the Universe, and in fact, we cannot see that matter, what is mainly free electrons, what is not connected to the atoms.

But there is the thing, what people normally don't think when they are talking about the matter, what would not send radiation echo to the eye of the observer. There is a theoretical possibility to create material, what would absorb every radiation, and that thing is the crystal-shaped molecular structure, where is shot the electrons in the speed of light.

3. The idea is that the electron would across the speed of light in the short-term period because the object would not slow immediately when it hits to the thicker layer. 

When an electron hits to the atmosphere, it would turn to a black hole for the short period, because the speed of light is faster in the empty space than in the medium. The slowing of the electron would take a couple of nanoseconds, and in that time it would be a black hole, what is the size of the quark.

If the electron hits to that ball-shaped molecule in the speed of light, that electron would turn to small-size and short-term singularity, what will make the molecular structure able to absorb every type of radiation, what impacts to that layer. And in this case, the object would not able to see, by using radar or any other sensor. In theory, this kind of material is able to create in the laboratories just bombing the ball-shaped molecular structures by using electrons.

The thing could be the fullerene-layer, where is connected to the high-voltage electricity. and in the every carbon ball could be gas or some other matter, what makes those electrons slowing. That would cause the creation of the extreme small-size singularity, what would act like every other black hole, and deny the radiation echo from that layer.

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