The Ingenuity helicopter got its new software. And Perseverance-rover found an organic-looking chemical compound from Mars.

NASA:s Ingenuity helicopter can use to research how to navigate without the GPS. 

The Ingenuity helicopter flies over Mars, and one of the problems with this kind of system is simple: how to navigate without the GPS? There are many possibilities for how to replace traditional GPS by using some other systems. One system what that robot helicopter can use in that kind of operation is TAINS (Terrair contour matching and Aided Intertial navigation system). The camera in the helicopter takes images from its route. 

And when the helicopter needs to return. The computer compiles images that the helicopter takes with new images. The camera sends that data to the flight-control computer. The inertial or gyroscope navigation can support return. 

The gyroscope can record the entire flight route and then the helicopter must just drive that route backward. The TAINS system is a combination of TERCOM (Terrain contour matching) and gyroscope navigation. This kind of navigation system is used in cruise missiles, but it also can use in other aerial vehicles. 

Things like robot recon planes can also use the TAINS system. The recon plane can fly a certain route. And its digital cameras store the entire mission. Also, the TAINS system can control unmanned attack aircraft. The point where the navigation system orders the drone or cruise missile to dive into the target can program that way. The aircraft releases a smart weapon at that point. 

But there is another way to locate objects and navigate by using satellites than some regular GPS systems. The robot or manned vehicle can send the laser ray to the photo-recon satellite. 

The photo-recon satellite will see the location of the laser pointer from the image. The AI or human operator can plan the route for the robot helicopter. Or drive the helicopter to the wanted position by using the remote control. The helicopter can search for interesting points for the Mars-rovers. 

Robot helicopters can use laser spectrometers in larger areas than robot cars. The helicopter can also use its laser as the laser drill. And land at the wanted position and then take samples from deeper than just the surface.

Perseverance-Rover found possible organic molecules from one crater on Mars.  

 

New findings from planet Mars are making this kind of combination interesting.  The Perseverance rover found organic-looking chemical compounds in one single crater. These kinds of findings are very interesting things. And if those organic chemical compounds are truly organic they should be found all over the Red planet. If the organic-based material is found only in one or two single areas and if there are some fossils. 

Or maybe, sleeping bacteria that are not from Earth. That thing opens new roads for cosmology. And search for extraterrestrial life forms. If there are Mars-based bacteria only in Valles Marineris canyon. That proves that extraterrestrial lifeforms can be very local. And even if the planet seems hostile there could be places where life is possible. 

But there is one interesting thing. If those bacteria are from Earth, what carried them to Mars? Or what if the bacteria fossils were found in only one crater? There is a needed DNA (RNA) or genome sample to confirm that the pill-looking structures are remnants of the bacteria. And there is the possibility that the UV radiation terminated the genome and internal structure of those proto-bacteria remnants. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-completes-first-flight-with-new-navigation-software/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-perseverance-rover-discovers-possible-organic-compounds-in-mars-crater-rocks/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valles_Marineris

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Water is not similar everywhere.

   

 Water is not similar everywhere. 

The water on Mars is not in the form that it is on Earth, say NASA scientists. The thing is that there are many forms of water in the universe what is different than we know that liquid. There are deep oceans on the icy moons like Ganymede and Europa. 

Those oceans on single icy moons are involving more water than on Earth. The icy moons like Enceladus have icy geysers. And that makes them interesting places. There is the possibility that some tiny, primitive organisms are living in those oceans. They might get their energy from the volcanic temperature that is created by the tidal forces of the giant gas planets. 

But the thing is that those oceans are different than oceans on Earth. The tidal waves are keeping those oceans liquid. And the thing is that the gravitation on those moons is weaker than on Earth. So the pressure in those oceans is lower. 

And that makes water more moving than it moves on Earth. The distance of water molecules in those oceans is higher. That means fiction is lower than it's on the Earth. So water moves more easily and the effect of tidal forces is higher than it's on the Earth 

When we are thinking water, we mean the chemical combination called H2O. But the form of the H20 can be very different than we ever imagine. Oxygen and hydrogen can be connected to other atoms and stored in molecules in stones. So the thing is that. Those gasses can locate on planets. Even there is no water or even atmosphere.  The thing is that planet can be full of water. And it can seem dry. In those cases, water can be connected to minerals. 

In some cases, water can easily separate from minerals simply by heating it. One of the minerals that seem dry but heat is releasing water vapor is copper sulfate. And on many other planets, the atmosphere can be so hot. That there are no water drops. That means the atmosphere can be full of vaporized water. But it cannot touch the surface of that planet. 

Also, the friction of the high-speed winds of the atmosphere of gas planets can keep water in vaporized form. Or the wind is breaking the ice so small bites that they are flowing at atmosphere which temperature is only a couple of kelvin. That kind of "smoke ice" (small particle ice) is found in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune. So the form of the water in other planets can be far away from what is on Earth. Also, the deep oceans of some planets can involve water. 

That pressed to solid form. Extreme pressure can form a thing called "hot ice". In those cases, pressure is the thing that denies the movement of the water molecules. That kind of situation can be on hot planets. And there is water that is far different than water is on our planet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-is-there-water-on-mars-video/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Same time we must ask, where the atmosphere of planet Mars is gone? The answer is simple when the planet Mars lost its atmosphere the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun just cut the connections of the water molecules, and that caused that the water was gone. There is water on the planet, in underground storage, and maybe stored in crystals, but are there any lifeforms, and how advanced those lifeforms are been if they ever been existed. 

There are forms on the planet, what looks like cyanobacteria (1), but the question is are they real bacteria, and are those bacteria from the planet Mars and that means that they would be endemic species. Or they can be coming from some asteroids like Ceres or Earth, where the meteorite could fly away from the Earth gravity if some bigger particle would hit to the South- or North pole or the ocean. 

That thing can cause that the bite of ice would travel to planet Mars, and then the bacteria could be from Earth, but the thing, that would need to confirm that kind of thing is the DNA sample. But the problem is that the DNA of those fossils might be destroyed because of the UV-radiation, what comes from the Sun. 

Did somebody make secretive Mars-flight?

But if the bacteria fossils are found only in the small area, that tells that the bacteria is coming from some other planet. And maybe that planet is Earth, but what is the reason, why the bacteria is in one certain place? Is the reason some kind of meteorite, what has been traveled to the planet Mars from the Earth. Or maybe the reason for those bacteria is something, that we cannot even imagine. 

The bacteria ever travel between planets without some force, which pushes it away from another planet's gravity field. And one explanation is connected with the strange "skulls",(2) what are found on that planet. The thing is that could it be possible that somebody attempted to make a manned flight to Mars, and then the mission was failed? 

Maybe the thing, that was destroyed was some kind of test capsule, what might carry chimpanzees or some other test animals, and then the thing would face some kind of technical problems. There is a possibility, that the carbon dioxide pocket under the Martian landscape has erupted because the exhaust gas would release the gas from the pocket. 

Was the nation, what made that mission the Soviet Union? The thing is that the nation lost the race to Moon, and then it made serious plans for Mars flight, but then the explosion of the N-1 rocket(3), what mission was to send the nuclear engine to the orbiter, that the manned module could dock with the reactor, and send to Mars by using NERVA(4)-type solution caused that the program was ended. 

But were the Soviets send the rest vehicle to Mars is a mystery. There are lots of documents about tests, which are made by N-1 and other devices, but there is no single document published about this kind of launch to Mars, where the capsule would attempt to return to Earth. So this kind of thing is pure speculations. And the origin of those strange forms remains a mystery until they would be analyzed in the very sophisticated laboratories.

(1)

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/fossil-microbes-mars

(2)

https://www.cnet.com/news/skull-seen-on-mars-will-make-your-imagination-run-wild/

(3)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1_(rocket)

(4)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

Mars hates probes

Mars hates probes

The carbon dioxide pocket can do that thing, but there are many things, what we must solve before we can even think to travel to that planet by using manned spacecraft. One of the worst nightmares, that the spacecraft can meet is the carbon dioxide pocket, which would erupt if the temperature is near the boiling of the carbon dioxide. And in that case, the hole, what is left behind could be very big, and the craft can fall. 

There is a possibility that the caked sand has been stored carbon dioxide in its structure, and when the mechanic stress would impact that sand, it would cause the situation, that the gas would erupt, and the pressure would push the probe away. But there is maybe one thing, what might cause this effect. 

The place, where the InSight lander is located in the Martian Elysium Planitia, and that area locates in the ancient volcanic area, and maybe there is some kind of volcanic heat remain in that area. And if that place were the last places on the red planet where was volcanic activity, would cause that the structure of sand would be different than other places on that planet. 

If we would find the living organisms on the red planet, we must realize that those organisms can be in passive form. They could turn to hibernation when Mars started to cold. Or all of those organisms died, when the red planet lost its entire lithosphere, in the cosmic collision. That means that the famous "fossils of bacteria" would be bacteria, what were remain in some deepest holes in the ancient sea. 

And when the red planet lost its lithosphere, those bacteria destroyed. Or maybe primitive lifeforms could be formed in a short period after the catastrophe. That means that there could be some kind of lifeforms, what is living in the crystals of the sand, and use the water, which is stored in crystals. 

Sometimes those fossils are claimed only the error. The thing is that the structure of those strange things is looking like cyanobacteria, which are one of the most primitive organisms on Earth. And there is claiming that those fossils on the surface of Antarctean meteorite have come from the ice because the heat of meteorite would call those bacteria to its surface. 

And there is also theory, what explains the observations of the bacteria-like fossils, what have seen on the red planet. If those fossils are real, they could come from Earth, because of the giant meteorites that hit to planet Earth before the age of dinosaurs would throw the small bites of ice to Mars, but this is only theory. 

https://www.space.com/mars-insight-mole-heat-probe-pops-out-of-hole.html

What if we would want to establish the base on the surface of Mars or orbiting trajectory?

What if we would want to establish the base on the surface of Mars or orbiting trajectory?

Planet Mars seems an interesting place for the base, but the thing is that there are lots of problems with the long-term staying on that planet, and one of them is a weak gravity. As well as the strange space station concept, what is called "Solar Warden" has problems with the artificial gravity, because if we would think that those crews should someday return to Earth, the weak gravity in those stations would make the muscles of the crew members very weak.

So if the persons would want to live a long time in the space they would need so-called sumo-suits for keeping their muscles strong, and they should eat very much calcium for keeping their bones strong. This is the main problem in every simulation of the space station on another planet. And that kind of station is expensive operations. They should benefit the investors somehow, and that's why the artificial worlds, what was planned by Dr. Gerald O'Neill (1927-1991) in the 1970s are also a sophisticated solution for supporting the space industry.

But if the bones and muscles get weak, that thing means that the staff must be in that space station only short-term periods, but the problem is that there must need lots of people in those space stations. And traveling between Earth and those gigantic spacecraft would be expensive. So another solution would be that the crew just leaves to those space stations the rest of their life, and the third is creating artificial gravity what is strong enough that it allows a return to Earth.

Because of the gravity is too weak, the returning causes pain to those people. That's why this kind of thing must consider in the long-term space explorations. If we are planning the space station, what would make the artificial gravity by using the rotation movement, that thing would seem very effective and also very comfortable for making the artificial gravity field.

The thing, that would cause problems is that the rotation movement of the space station should be very high, because of the centrifugal force must be extremely high, that it can create artificial gravity. And in this situation, the rotation speed would rip the station in pieces, which might be one of the biggest hazards in the mission.

But there are some calculations, that the cylinder-shaped space station would reach the speed, what is high enough for causing a similar gravity with Earth, and that thing could be one of the most enormous machines, what human has ever created. If we are thinking that kind of artificial world, what could seem like some kind of city inside it, that thing could revolutionize the production in the space or zero atmospheric and zero-gravity space.

The zero-gravity factory would set in the middle of the cylinder, where are the zero-gravity conditions. And then the air inside the factory would be pumped out. That would create a vacuum inside it, and it can offer stable and balanced space for creating things, where is needed extremely high accuracy. This kind of artificial world can someday revolutionize the production of the materials and nanomachines. But creating this kind of station would be the long term process.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_K._O%27Neill

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2014/09/08/where-build-off-world-colonies/?utm_source=dscfb&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=dscfb#.XaBKXf2U-dM

https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/today-in-history/gerard-oneills-utopian-space-colony-fantasy-was-a-view-too-far-for-nonbelievers/news-story/de14846cbe46fb4da115a24ed55c3aa0

The martian face

The martian face

Picture I

The martian face

Today is a good day to continue writings about the secrets of the universe. Because I wrote about the "Ruins of Cydonia", I will focus on one strange the object of the planet Mars. And now I will write about the "Face of Cydonia". Sometimes there are tales, that the face of Mars is only the optical illusion, but when the more effective systems are searching that position, there seems like to be an oval or scarab looking object. And the thing that there are many theories about this object.

In this text is two images, what are showing the chances of this strange object, what is first seen in 1976, and after that, the form of this place has been changed. Maybe the changing is caused the sandstorm or meteorite, but there is one very interesting theory about this strange object, what seems like forming again to the new form. That thing is that there is theory, that the form of the sand is caused because of nanomachines, what are copying forms. But we will return back to that theory later on this text.

Picture II

The thing, what makes this object very interesting is that in some photographs it seems like disappear, and others it seems to remain stable. When we are looking at radar- and laser scanner photos, what is taken of the "face" we would see sometimes the oval-shaped object, there is no face image, and sometimes the eyes and mouth are visible.


And there is one very strange theory, that the face would form again and again to the form of the face. The face of Cydonia is giving the idea of the scenario, that the entire planet can be covered with nanomachines, which will make a copy of things. This idea is strange, and it would be only the hypothesis until the first images of the Cydonia ruins are taken. This theory is that there would be hidden spacecraft in somewhere at Mars, which creates the nanomachines, which can make copies of forms.

Theory about that the martian sandstorms are nanomachines

Or another version of this strange theory is that the Cydonia ruins are the nanomachine factory, and those people, who have this kind of ideas says that the Martian dust storms are supporting that theory. In fact, those sandstorms can cover the entire planet, and this kind of thing is very strange. The size of the sandstorm is very large, and this thing has been given ideas, that the reason for the strange phenomenon would be the swarm of nanomachines, what would be forming in the factory, what continues it operation after hypothetical Martians have died.

When we are thinking the nanomachines as the weapons, they could sweep off the entire army in seconds. Those machines would travel like a sandstorm, what travel by using supersonic speed, and those nanomachines can terminate the enemy army in seconds. And in the worst scenarios, the nanomachines could sweep away entire civilizations, but this kind of things are only the scenarios.

Picture I
https://cdn.disclose.tv/sites/default/files/styles/article_image/public/img/post/2017/04/08/cydonia-mystery--the-strange-face-on-mars-138474.jpg

Picture II

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Mars_face.png

The mystery of planet Mars

The mystery of planet Mars

Picture I

The strange objects on the Mars-planet

Have you noticed, that there is a Chrysler mark in the Cydonia heights, what locates at the planet Mars? The thing in the Cydonia is that there is a strange formation, which is known as the "City of Mars".  There are people, who say, that there is actually the city on that planet, what is made by the ancient civilization what could be dead or vanish when the red planet has lost its atmosphere.

Some other people think that this very interesting formation is actually formed by the volcanic action and that would be an explanation for those forms, but then the questions are, that what causes the strange shape of those forms? If the thing is the magnetic field, we must say, that the way, how it acts is very strange, and there are some theories, that those forms like "city" and "face" would have a connection to the phenomenon, what is called as the "ice geysers".

The mystery of ice geysers at the Triton moon

Those geysers are actually forming when the carbon dioxide is melting at the icy moons like Triton, and the thing, what makes those things very interesting, is that the melting point of the carbon dioxide is something like -78 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point of that gas is -57 degrees Celsius, which means that something would cause the situation, that the carbon dioxide is boiling in the Triton moon. The thing, what makes this phenomenon very strange is that the surface temperature of the Triton moon is -235 degrees Celsius, and those icy geysers need very much energy for boiling, and the similar phenomenon is seen at the planet Mars.

Below the surface of that planet is carbon dioxide pockets, what can boil suddenly, and those craters, what is left behind those eruptions can cause danger for space probes. The thing in those points is that when the eruption of the carbon dioxide starts the ground is collapsing, and if the probe is on this place, it can be destroyed.

When we are looking at the Martian magnet field, that thing is a very strange thing, because the magnetic field is a very local thing on that strange planet. The magnetic field is necessary for the atmosphere because it would turn the ions, what is coming from the sun away from the planet, and if the magnetic field does not exist, the ionized particles, what are coming from the sun would push the atmosphere to space.

Maybe the images of the Viking probe has caused because some satellite used accidentally the wrong radio channel for transmitting the image. 

Sometimes is portrayed the theories, that the martian sandstorms are causing the electromagnetic vortex, what will make things like "face" on the surface of that planet. And sometimes there has been claiming, that the sandstorms would cause the wormholes on Mars planet, and this vortex would make the face to that planet. Or maybe it's only the game of the shadows.

And before the end of this text, I must tell one thing about those strange forms, like the face and city and other things. That is the theory, where the images, what the Viking spacecraft have been sending to the Earth was changed to the normal satellite images because some satellite might use the frequency, what was reserved to the Viking probe, and accidentally send the wrong image in the place of the image, what should be from the Mars.

Of course, there are tales that the Martians who came from another planet would make that thing for some kind of emergency signal. And that thing has caused the theories that UFOs would be made by some ancient civilization, what has been left from Earth. But there is no evidence about that kind of things.

Picture I

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA04745

The Mars and Venus-drone missions of the NASA

Mars-drone is one of the most fascinating ideas, whatever created in the history of space exploration. The idea is to send one or more drones to the Martian atmosphere, and the mission of those ultra-light drones is to map the large areas of the red planet. And the drones might be very sophisticated tools for searching things like bacteria on the surface of that strange world. The Mars-drone mission would be a good thing to test technology, which would be used in the drone missions in the more distant worlds like Titan.

There is another planet, what might be a good target for drones, and that is of course Venus. The planet is covered by a very bold atmosphere, and this makes possible to use normal quadcopters in the mission to search the surface of that planet. In that mission, the quadcopters must be equipped to stand the extreme heat, and that's why they must be made by carbon fiber and the thermos solutions, like vacuum layer between the carbon fiber layers, would isolate the electronics from intensive heat.

And the electricity would be transferred from the HAVOC (High-Altitude Venus Operational Concept)-airships, which would transfer the electricity to those drones by using radio masers.  Those quadcopters can be operated as the swarm, and each of them they might have different sensors and that means that some of them might use radars and plasma spectrometers to search things, what is covered in the surface of that planet.

The laser would steam atoms from the surface of that planet, and the spectrometers would see the elements, what are involving the steam And some of the quadcopters could land on the surface, and they might operate as the flying microscopes, what can be moved to new locations, when one area is searched. Controlling those drones might happen by computers, what are locating in the orbiter of that planet, and of course, those drone swarms can operate independently by using WLAN connections.

The idea would test this technology, and maybe someday this kind of drones will travel to the Titan and gas planets. The problem with this kind of missions is the distance, and this is why those drone-swarms must be operated independently. So they must be equipped with highly sophisticated and advanced artificial intelligence, what makes those drones operate independently.

https://sacd.larc.nasa.gov/smab/havoc/