Drones are deadly weapons.

 

The Ukrainian war shows how effective tool drone is. The Russian air defense could destroy all Beyraktar drones. But before that, the Bayraktars terminated lots of Russian equipment and men. So the efficiency of those drones is good. 

Another name for loitering ammunition or kamikaze drones is cruise missiles. The problem is that almost anybody can make the kamikaze drone at home. Basically kamikaze drone is an RC airplane that carries explosives. 

There are also anti-tank versions of those loitering ammunition. Those versions are just artillery recon drones or target drones equipped with suitable warheads. 

And even if Russian air defense destroyed them.  Those drones played a big role at the beginning of the war. Today we see how effective cheap Iranian drones are against fixed Ukrainian targets.

Lucky for Ukraine, Shahed-136 drones are very primitive. They can fly by using fixed routes. And they don't even change altitudes. 

Shahed-136 cannot make any escape and evasion movements. So when that drone is located. It's quite easy to shoot down. 

And even if Ukrainian air defense shoots most of those slow drones. A couple of them are reaching targets. This is the key element in drone operation, lots of cheap drones can send at the same time, against multiple targets. The maximum speed of those drones is about 150 km/h. Even if those drones are easy to reach by using a car or combat helicopter. And they are easy to destroy. 

A large number of those loitering ammunition guarantees that some of them reach the target. Drones are like all other aircraft. They are hard to see but easy to destroy if the ammunition hits them. The new anti-aircraft missiles are effective against drones. But the problem is that they must see drones before they can be used. 

The price of effective missiles like Patriot is 3 million per shot. Their target price is less than 3000 dollars. The number of lost drones in missions in 2020 was 24. And it increased. But then. The high command can accept the loss of 24 drones because no friendly crews were dangered. 

The low price of the GPS systems means that the cheap mobile telephone can modify the brain of those drones. And GPS/GLONASS guarantees high enough accuracy that those drones can destroy or damage oil refineries, power plants, transformer substations, factories, and other large structures. 

The small drones that Ukrainians use against Russian infantry and armored vehicles are also very effective. Those drones are just little modified versions of drones that people can buy from supermarkets. 

Those drones are equipped with systems that can drop hand grenades at enemy positions. Sometimes those hand grenades slipped into tanks from the open hatches. And that destroyed those tanks. If those small-size drones are equipped with thermobaric hand grenades the lethal radius of those bombs is 30 meters. 

The Ukrainian military also used pocket-size killer drones that can take off individual shooters. In the wrong hands, those pocket-size drones can cause a big risk to national security. They can leave in position. And then those drones can attack their targets. The small miniature drones can control by using satellite data transmission. And those drones are giving ICBM missiles the ability to kill individual people from the streets. 

The killer drones and loitering ammunition can have similar target recognition and attack capacity as Javelin missiles. There are multiple different drone variants in use. Some drones are equipped with similar radiation-homing equipment with HARM (High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles). This makes them effective against radio transmitters. That kind of drone can destroy any radio source. 

The thing that makes drones dangerous is advancing technology. When we think that a 60 € mobile telephone can give drones the same accuracy that made in the 1990s by using equipment that cost millions of Euros, we must concern about the future. The reason for that is. All models that we made against drones are old fashion. 

Image recognition systems are giving drones pinpoint accuracy. And the first supersonic drones are in use. AI-controlled weapons are under development. And the fact is that the fear that Russia or China will be first is making other nations create new terminator weapons. If those international contracts limit that development, we are in big trouble. 

International contracts limit many things like the development of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. But those weapons are under development. 

International laws prohibit things like extortion. But somehow, those cases happen quite often. Drones are big ammo over the battlefield. If we think, that some country loses 24 tanks in the mission, that is not the end of the tank. In the case of war, we must realize that somebody doesn't care about contracts. 

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/17/what-are-kamikaze-drones-and-how-did-they-get-to-ukraine

https://www.flightglobal.com/military-uavs/record-number-of-uav-shoot-downs-prompt-new-usaf-tactics-and-countermeasure-pod/138908.article

https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-what-are-iranian-kamikaze-drones-and-will-the-us-send-the-deadly-mq-9-reaper-12737283

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/terror-and-security/drone-assassins-micro-killing-machine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_Switchblade

https://yle.fi/a/74-20011489

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

There is always the possibility that a nuclear state uses nuclear weapons.

SS-18 (Wikipedia/R-36 (missile))

In this text, the main objective is tactical nuclear weapons. The purpose of strategic weapons is to support the tactical systems. When we are thinking about the difference between tactical and strategic systems the limit between those systems is lower. 

The strategic missile can have tactical missions. And the strategic missile can also have low yield warheads. Also, the tactical missile can have high-yield warheads. And modern strategic missiles can also hit targets on the battlefield. 

If some state has nuclear weapons. There is always the possibility that the state also uses them.  There are two types of nuclear weapons. Tactical and strategic. The range of tactical nuclear weapons is about a couple of hundreds of kilometers. And the range of strategic nuclear weapons is over 2000 kilometers. When we are thinking of tactical nuclear weapons most of them are highly mobile battlefield systems that can sweep the situation away from the battlefield. The yield of the warhead of those missiles is about 1kt. to 12 kt.

 During the Cold War. The Soviets planned to place medium-range R-12 (SS-4) and R-14 (SS-5) missiles in Cuba. The yield of those missile warheads was 1-2,5 mt. and the ranges of those missiles were 2000-3500 or soviet calculated the range of SS-5 about 4500 kilometers. The accuracy of those missiles was not very good. And that's why they had very high yield warheads. Those Soviet missiles had western competitor "Jupiter" tactical missiles. 

Image 2) Ranges of the Soviet missiles in the Cuban missile crisis 1962

Later the other more accurate tactical systems like  RDS-10 Pioneer (SS-20 "Saber"), Pershing 1 and 2, and cruise missiles replaced those first generations' nuclear weapons. Today strategic weapons like RT-23 (SS-24 "Scalpel" ) that were replaced by RT-2 PM Topol (SS-25 "Sickle") can have tactical duties. And the weapons, like "Iskander", can equip with nuclear or conventional weapons. The air-launched version of "Iskander" is "Kinzhal" that can use to attack against tactical and strategic targets. 

The range of those missiles depends on the size of the warhead. The fact is that in the early years of the Cold War the yield of tactical missile warheads could be 4 mt. and the range was about a couple of hundreds of kilometers. That means those missiles could be as well as dangerous to their users as targets. 

There is sometimes suspected. That some of the tactical missiles could be at the silos. For securing some routes to the countries. The tactical nuclear missile can also be a surface-to-air missile that warhead has two tactical roles. The anti-aircraft role is meant to destroy the strategic bombers and the same warheads can use against land troops. 

The tactical missiles have sometimes a "police role". In those cases, the security troops will crush the rebellion in the strategic missile bases by using tactical nuclear missiles.

But as you see there are also other systems like land, ships and aircraft launched cruise missiles, nuclear mines, and nuclear torpedoes. And then the strategic missile systems. Strategic nuclear missiles are the most powerful weapons in the world. The most feared of them is FOBS (Fractional Orbital Bombardment System) which can mean the nuclear weapon that is orbiting the Earth.

There is a contract that denies placing nuclear weapons on the orbiter. But there is the possibility that this contract has been broken. So that means there is the possibility that on the orbiter are satellites that have nuclear bombs inside them. 

There is also suspicion that miniature space shuttles like X-37B and MiG-105 "Spiral" can be used as an extreme version of the kamikaze drones. In those systems, there could be an internal nuclear weapon. 

And the rocket can rise them to the orbiter. There is the possibility that the R-36 (SS-18 "Satan") or RS-28 "Sarmat" (SS-X-29) will equip with one smaller warhead. And that thing gives those super heavy missiles the FOBS capacity. 

The most modern versions of those systems can probably return their warheads from the low Earth orbiter if those systems are not needed. All nations that have nuclear weapons have tactical and strategic weapons. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K720_Iskander

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-37

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-31_Pershing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-12_Dvina

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-36_(missile)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-23_Molode

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer

Image 1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-36_(missile)

Image 2)https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/jfk-and-cuban-missile-crisis

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

About the mysterious X-37B

(Picture I)

About the mysterious X-37B

The X-37B is the miniature space shuttle, which can be used as the many types of missions. It can take small satellites to the orbiter, but it can also repair them. That automatized shuttle can spend even years in space, and that thing would give a change to speculations, that this system would someday to use for bringing small asteroids on Earth for a closer look. And of course, X-37B can operate as the base for small size-human shaped robots, what can operate on the orbital trajectory.

Actually, those robots might not look like human except, they have hands, which can use similar tools with humans. The shape of those orbital operating robots might be like flashlight what has hands. And those robots can remotely be operated from Earth. The role of X-37B might be the refueling the power systems of those robots, which are remote-controlled by using data gloves and virtual reality masks. 

But X-37B is the modular system, and it can allow giving the USAF the FOBS (Fractional Orbital Bombing System) capacity. And the thing is that the nuclear bomb can simply load in the cargo bay of the X-37B, and then this shuttle would dive to the target. Or it can drop that bomb to the target. The shuttle structure allows returning the nuclear bomb to the Earth when the operation is over. And the X-37B can be used also as the HCM (Hypersonic Cruise Missile). The missile would glide from the orbital to its target by using really high speed.

The miniature shuttles can be used as the FOBS weapons, which can return the nuclear warheads to the Earth.  X-37B can be equipped with DEW (Directed Energy Weapons) like laser and microwave systems. But it can also use kinetic energy rockets and missiles against ground targets. 

This kind of miniature shuttles can be used also as the satellite-killer. It can be equipped with similar ADS (Active Denial System)-system, what used in Afghanistan but some improved variants of this "non-lethal" microwave system might be planned to install in M-1 and Israeli Merkava tanks for protecting them against anti-tank missiles by using microwaves to explode the incoming warheads before they hit to the target. If this system is installed in the spacecraft, it can terminate the space systems, like reconnaissance, communication and navigation satellites.

In the more conventional version, the X-37B can take the rocket cassette, what is used in aircraft or helicopters to the manipulator. And then use those rockets against targets what might be on the space, but those rockets can be used as the kinetic energy ammunition, what can be used against ground targets.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_Denial_System

Picture I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-37

The new type of stealth cargo plane can refuel and drop equipment and men behind the enemy lines.

The new type of stealth cargo plane can refuel and drop equipment and men behind the enemy lines. 

When we are thinking about the SST (Super Sonic Transportation) concepts, we are facing the sad thing. Most of those concepts have turned to military systems. The origin of the most supersonic bombers of the world has been in the SST programs.

But the thing is that also modern parachutist and other rapid reaction teams can get the benefit from the super fast transport vehicles. Here I'm talking about the transport plane, which uses stealth technology. This kind of advantage makes possible to operate deep inside the enemy airspace.

When we are thinking about those extremely high-flying aircraft, there is needed a new type of protective suits, what keeps the pressure on the body, but what is allowing also operate on the ground wearing those gears. Those new type of suits need the testing and that might be one reason why NASA has made test jump by using a parachute from over 30 km high. In the parachute jumps, what are made from that altitude is a couple of problems. The first of the problems is that the pressure of air is so low, that the liquids in the body are starting to boil.

That means that the jumper needs a pressure suit for surviving alive from this thing. The problem is that those suits would not allow a person to operate on the ground. The temperature in high-stratosphere is extremely low, and the suit must use active warming because without that thing the person would freeze to ice bite.

And one of the biggest problems, what must be solved is the wind-effect. The wind in the high stratosphere is the thing, what will move the jumper in a vertical way and sometimes this thing would cause that parachutist would land far away from the place, what was planned.

The purpose of this study is to determine the wind effect, or how the wind will take elected to the parachutist. When we are returning to the SST, the traditional version of the mission, where is needed the fast reaction is that the team goes in the C-130 or some Antonov if they are Russians and then flies to the airbase, where those operators move to operation. But the problem is that the C-130 is very slow.

And when we are thinking about the cases, where some intelligence services safe house is captured by terrorists or something like that, has been happening, the reaction team must move extremely high speed, and probably that movement must happen in hostile airspace.

Also, stealth attack planes need the refueling probably deep inside enemy airspace. Normally those missions are giving to MC-130 "Combat Talon"  type aircraft, but they are really slow, and the new type of equipment must get in use in this kind of area of the use of force.

The robots are changing the battlefield maybe forever

The robots are changing the battlefield and perception of national security maybe forever

When we are thinking about the robots on the battlefield, we must realize that those things might be very devastating. If somebody would drop the robot tank to the airbase, that vehicle can cause very much casualties before it can be destroyed. The thing is that those drones and other robots are also dangerous for public security.

Even the assembler can make the military drone by using parts, what are free to buy. And the thing is that the military drone or robot difference in those homemade versions are the programs, what controls those things. By using the analog systems is possible to make the remote-controlled fighter, and the machine guns and another kind of things can be shot similar thing, what is used in other remote triggers.

The analog systems are easy to deny by using ECM systems, and that's why those systems should be made by using digital components. One of the biggest threats in the world of the military robots is that somebody would hijack the attack drones, and if the drone uses analog systems the needed system is the radio transmitter.

What can cover the control signal of the drone, and in the data communication systems the communication can disturb by using jammer signals. The thing is, that the configuring the computer-based communication system will be similar in the military world as in the civilian networks.

But when we are thinking about the human-shaped robots, those machines can be even more terrifying than some robot version of the M-1 tank. When we are thinking about the thing that robots would not torture people, we must remember that the controllers of the robots can use remote-controlled robots for making the dirty job for those people.

When the military version of the man-shaped robot would be used on the battlefields, we must realize that those robots can be very deadly. In some cases, the robots, what is looking like a man would drop in the military bases.

Those systems can make possible to get in the places, which is too far from the surface, that the bunker buster bombs would not destroy them. In those cases, the human-shaped robots would be used as the walking bombs.

They would be the modern version of the mechanic robots, which created in the 18th and 19th centuries. But the computer control would make them more sophisticated than any mechanome could ever be. Those next-generation robots might have a nerve-gas capsule in their bodies, and they can also use multiple weapons. And those robots might look really innocent.

They can be a body switch of famous leaders. And when they enter some area, those robots can start to fire against every target, what have not IFF signal, what tells that the target is friendly. The body switch robots are actually one version of the sex robots.

The difference between sex robots and that killer android is that the last ones are meant for elimination missions. And the thing is that those androids could be more realistic than humans. So the general of the army can be changed to the robot without even the family members would not be recognized that thing.

Then the robot would walk in the command center and explode itself. The thing is that those robots can be EEG-controlled. And this kind of systems is really like some kind of another body for the people, who are controlling them.

The thing is that that kind of systems is developing by the civilian companies for entertainment purposes would not make them harmless. If that technology is misused the results could be devastating because criminals would use them fir ban robberies. And also those machines can be used as the military operators in the field of secret warfare.

And those robots would not tell anybody anything that their controllers don't want them to tell. If the memories and mission files are deleted there is no evidence about those missions and even the controllers cannot prove, that nothing illegal has ever happened. Even they have been at war on years. Those operators would not ever be left from home.

Troll factory and information warfare

Troll factory and information warfare

Social media is a very important tool for propagandists

The major targets for troll makers are the respected person, who would give effect to information if they would re-share some propaganda. If those people would share propaganda, that contact with many people on the Internet. Many times the troll or political propaganda is looking very much "real" information, but if we would look at that data more careful, there is shared only one side views of the things.

The major thing in troll makers is to target their strike to the audience, where it makes the greatest effect. One of the biggest points of information operations is that when people are sharing false information, they are extending rumors, and this is the purpose of the troll makers. The prime target for those people are the centers of the social network, who are respected persons in their social network.

One idea is to benefit the obey, what those people face in the world. Because some person has respect, that means that people are not want to show that different opinions than this person has. So the troll maker wants to benefit the social position of some member of the social network. The idea is that when the person with respect would believe something, that thing would scale over the rest of the group.

If a big group of the people starts to believe or share something, they would get more and more readers to trolls. The big group of people has big social mass in social media, and that would deliver the information to many people by benefiting those social networks.

The thing is that the prime troll itself might be very easy to notice as the false information, but the idea of it is that other people will tell about that thing by using their own words. That would cause the effect, that the rumor becomes the truth in the mind of the people. If an adult people see some trolls, that person might think that is naive or shares only one part thoughts about the things, what is claimed to happen.

Children cannot separate right or wrong information

But when this kind of things is told to children, that thing would seem true, and if the troll maker is an adult or if that adult claims to represent some kind of official authority, would children believe this kind of things. And one of the best things, what Russian troll maker would tell to the youngster is being the member of FSB, "what is one kind of police". In this case, the propagandist claims to be the same kind of policeman like in some person in a police car in western society. And in the information warfare is used the same method as in some school harassment cases. There are many people, who have read the troll, and somehow they have pressed "like" by accident. After that, the troll maker would start to tell people, that some person pushes "like".

The idea is the same as in the schoolyard, where a group of youngsters is coming to some person and say, that if you are not saying "yes" we will beat that person. Then those persons would go to the teacher and say, that "here is a couple of witnesses, who are seeing, that some inmate has this or that opinion". The best way to notice, if the thing is a troll, is that there is used the threat of violence or some other kind of force. That means if somebody has a different kind of opinions, this inmate would just yell to silent.

Biological recon planes

Biological recon planes

https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/

(Wikipedia)

Use of Pigeons as the biological spy planes is not new

Before Google Earth, the Pigeons have carried the cameras, and that kind of thing would be interested in the Intelligence services, what were planned to use those birds as the biological recon planes. The idea of use Pigeons for the photo reconnaissance missions was not new, and the thing bases the idea to benefit the Pigeons ability to fly back to their home in the same route where they have traveled to the place, where they are released.

The camera system used microfilms and that was probably a good image from some military or prohibited areas when the Pigeons were released in the right position. Those Pigeons can be released from the modified dispenser units, where the small tank would release, and then the parachute will slow the movement, and after that, the Pigeon will be released when the hatch will open.

The hunting of nuclear material. 

They would fly over the area and the camera was taken pictures during the flight time until the film ended. Then some people got an idea to install the small Geiger meter to the camera box, and that system used the light if the system uses the cine film, where the operators might see if the radioactive sensor would mark some places. If that system would connect to GPS, this thing can mark the location of the secret storage of radioactive material or nuclear missiles. Then the operator can mark the position to the attack aircraft.

In other versions, the camera box was equipped with a separate camera and the small camera was launched by using the electric trigger, and the system was taken pictures from the targets, where seems to come to the radioactive radiation. The frames could be observed by using microscopes, and that thing allowed to take images from the nuclear facilities.

"The attack version". 

The thing is that Pigeons navigate by using the magnetic field, and some engineers planned small electric bandana, where the magnet would turn in the direction, where the radioactive particles or radio waves were coming. And there have been plans to equip those boxes with GPS and cameras, what is connected to satellite data transmitters.

The operators would see the targets in the real-time mode, and they can also turn the Pigeon in the direction, where they want by turning the direction of the magnet at bandana. In some visions, those boxes would equip with the small "frag grenades", what are small size FAE bombs, what would make those birds the biological bombers. The kill radius of those weapons is extremely high. When the Pigeon would fly over some target, the operator could open the hatch, and drop this small but effective explosive in the target. This kind of things would cause the new kind of threats to the military forces on the battlefield.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_photography

The Delair UX-11 the commercial mapping drone

The Delair UX-11 the commercial mapping drone

The Delair UX-11 is the commercial mapping and photographing drone, what every person in the world can buy. That kind of drones is giving almost the same ability for the operators, what the military drones and recon planes had in the 1990s and early 2000s. The thing is that this kind of drones can be used in the military recon and intelligence operations, and the photographs, what those things give are excellent and sharp.

Along with the hybrid navigation system, the capacity to load the batteries in airborne is a very nice tool for increasing the operating time and area. The hybrid navigation systems like GPS, gyroscopic or inertial and lidars would allow this drone type operating even in the case, that the remote control would be cut. And those drones can refuel in the airborne, and even if they would use batteries, the solar- or hybrid power refueling system can deliver electric power to the drone. The thing is that in this case the refueling boom is only replaced by the plug, what would load the batteries when they have low capacity.

This kind of system is very sophisticated, and those drones can fly across the military and industrial areas and they can take very sharp images of the areas, what are under surveillance. The military areas themselves are probably protected against that kind of drones, but there are many secrets in industrial areas like shipyards, what the spies maybe want to see, and those small drones would be suitable for that mission.

Also, oil refineries and other areas are interested in the intelligence operators, who might work in the public or private sector. When we are thinking about the instruments, what those recon drones might carry, they might have exactly the same systems, what are used in the full-scale models. The radars can be operated like normal SLAR (Side-Looking Airborne Radars) but they can have the structure, that they can pull inside.

That means that those antennas can be like metal-structural banderols, what operates as the same missions as the fixed antennas. Those antennas what have the capacity to be pulled in would give the small size drones ability to operate in the missions what are normally belonging to the sector of the AWACS aircraft, and the drones can send the data to the remote base, or they can support the full size-AWACS platforms for getting better image from the operational area. Or those radars can look for underground or hidden installations.

But the thing is that modern small size microelectronic and advanced remote control technology allows creating the miniaturized version of any recon plane in the world. The drone itself cannot carry many types of sensors, but the swarm of them can replace the multimission plane because each drone of those swarms can carry different sensor pack. And those drones can carry under the wing of combat aircraft or bigger drones. They can drop in the operational area when the operator would like to see some targets more precisely. And those systems can carry target designators, what would mark the GPS-coordinates for the mission operators.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7PwzMYMQhA

About the fictional characters like "Slenderman"

Sometimes computer games are forming the modern myths and urban legend. And one of the characters, what have made this thing is "Slenderman" the very tall character, what have no face, what is made for the computer games. This characters what is dressed in the suit have been seen in the forests around the world, and the reason for that might be the computer games, what have caused the effect, that the player imagines seeing that kind of character.

The computer games can create false memories, and especially in the fog would the normal person seem like "Slenderman", and for the children, every adult seem very tall. But there are some thoughts that somebody might create the robot, what looks like "Slenderman". The makers of the robots might use that fictional character in the project as the model, and those persons might equip those devices with electromagnetic systems like infrared-lights, what is used as the effect of supernatural characters, and those robots might use for guarding some areas.

The electromagnetic weapons would be effective against intruders. I sometimes thought that could those robots belong to some "cleaning team" what operates for AREA-51, and whose mission is to clean areas, where the secret aircraft have been dropped. And the big size would help them to carry the big elements like the body of the aircraft. Maybe those robots are covered by using canvas because it hides the structure of the man-looking robot, and maybe some of those robots are wearing suits because that would make the stories of the witnesses easier to deny by using the argument, that they are just playing too much computer games. And this is the thing, what is called the psychological effect.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender_Man