The fusion energy is coming.

Fusion energy is one of the most interesting versions of energy production. The problem is that this reactor requires deuterium and tritium for the fusion. The term "heavy water" means that the hydrogen is turned to its heavier isotopes deuterium and tritium. But there is so small number of those isotopes in the water. 

In hydrogen bombs, lithium deuteride creates, deuterium and tritium when it's shot with neutrons. But deuterium and tritium can produce from water by stressing it with radiation. In nature, 0,015% of hydrogen is in deuterium form. 

So vaporized lithium deuteride can use in fusion reactors the same way. The radiation stress would turn lithium 6 deuteride into deuterium and tritium. The vacuum allows vaporizing the lithium deuteride. And then that vaporized lithium deuteride can be driven to a tokamak-type donut-shaped reactor. 

When a fusion reaction is started. The reactor's radiation can use to produce deuterium and tritium. The bottle of water will take near the fusion reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor should turn the hydrogen in that water to deuterium and tritium. In laboratories, deuterium and tritium are formed by stressing water by using X-ray machines.

In the universe, the deuterium is forming in the nuclear fusion of stars.  But there is no chemical reaction that can form the deuterium or tritium. There is the possibility to create tritium by using neutron radiation. In that case, the neutron flow would impact deuterium. And the deuterium traps neutron and turns to tritium. 

In the production of those heavier isotopes of hydrogen, the neutron or two neutrons in the case of tritium must connect to the proton. Producing tritium by using Helium 3 is impossible because there are two protons and one neutron in Helium 3. The tritium involves two neutrons and one proton. 

But in nature heavy water is forming when cosmic radiation hits the water. In that reaction, the hydrogen turns to deuterium and tritium. This reaction is extremely slow. But when we are thinking possibility to take the water tanks to the edge of the atmosphere. There is the possibility to stress the water by using cosmic radiation.

Researchers can make it by using balloons or high-flying aircraft. The high-flying stratospheric aircraft can take water bottles to the upper atmosphere. 

There is the possibility to use the fission reactor to create deuterium and tritium. In that case, the water bottle will be put in the nuclear reactor. And then the neutron radiation can turn the water into heavy water. So the nuclear reactor will turn the hydrogen atoms in water be deuterium and tritium. But the most economical version is to benefit the fusion reactor's radiation for making those hydrogen isotopes. 

https://quillette.com/2022/02/21/fusion-power-is-coming/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

   

 About nuclear fusion: the Holy Grail of energy production.

Tokamak reactor

Nuclear fusion can turn to produce energy sooner than we expect. 

Nuclear fusion is a "Holy Grail" to energy production. But the problem is how to make the reactor create more energy than it uses for creating the fusion power. Energy can store in flashing Tokamak reactors to the batteries. And that helps to keep fusion under control. 

The flashing fusion reactors are things that are promising tools. A reaction would not happen all the time. When the reactor is producing energy. The system stores it in capacitors. The purpose of those capacitors is to stabilize energy delivery. To the main electric network. While there is a break in the energy production.

And the researchers will stabilize temperature. By removing the pressure. That means fusion doesn't happen all the time. That helps the system keep the temperature and energy production under control. The system can use two plasma beams the positive and negative ions will connect at a certain position. The ionized gases will pull each other together. And that makes it easier to create a fusion reactor. 

So this is one version of the fusion system. Tokamak reactors are the most promising tools for nuclear fusion.  In those reactors, the plasma can keep away from the walls of the donut-shaped magnetic accelerators. The ignition system aims for microwaves and laser rays to the plasma that orbits the donut-shaped reactor. A fusion reactor is like the artificial sun on Earth. 

But the problem is that the Sun's pressure must compensate by using higher temperatures. The temperature in Tokamak reactors is higher than in the nucleus of the Sun. 

The temperature of the plasma is billions of degrees. And if there is contact between plasma and the wall of the particle accelerator that causes the system will melt immediately. 

The extremely high-temperature plasma would start to rise. And that thing causes the pulling effect that is similar to nuclear explosions. The problem is that if the plasma in the fusion reactor will create too much energy. That destroys the reactor and power plant.  

High-temperature plasma has military solutions. 

The high-temperature plasma will be a devastating tool in the hands of the military. So this means that the same thing is used for developing high-energetic plasma in Tokamak. Can also use to create high-energetic plasma for plasmoid weapons.

The free-fusion bombs are the new type of theoretical fusion solution. They are simple crossing high-energetic ion and anion flows. The ignition of the fusion reaction happens by using the laser that aimed to cross point ignites fusion or creates the artificial sun in the atmosphere. 

Sometimes, fusion development is claimed as the cover-up for the plasmoid weapon development. The thing is that the crossing ion beams that are crossing at a certain point can turn to fusion weapons. In that case, positive and negative high-energy ions will cross at a certain point. Then the laser ray will ignite the fusion at that point. That thing requires only two tanks where are two gases. 

Atoms of the first gas will turn to ions. Another gas is turned into anions (negative ions). Those particles will pull each other together. After that then the laser ray will ignite the fusion. This type of system is called a "free-fusion bomb". The fusion is formed in the ion flow. 

https://interestingengineering.com/tokamak-energy-made-a-breakthrough-in-nuclear-fusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

Image: https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainstokamaks

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/