Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Where water disappear from the planet Mars?

Same time we must ask, where the atmosphere of planet Mars is gone? The answer is simple when the planet Mars lost its atmosphere the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun just cut the connections of the water molecules, and that caused that the water was gone. There is water on the planet, in underground storage, and maybe stored in crystals, but are there any lifeforms, and how advanced those lifeforms are been if they ever been existed. 

There are forms on the planet, what looks like cyanobacteria (1), but the question is are they real bacteria, and are those bacteria from the planet Mars and that means that they would be endemic species. Or they can be coming from some asteroids like Ceres or Earth, where the meteorite could fly away from the Earth gravity if some bigger particle would hit to the South- or North pole or the ocean. 

That thing can cause that the bite of ice would travel to planet Mars, and then the bacteria could be from Earth, but the thing, that would need to confirm that kind of thing is the DNA sample. But the problem is that the DNA of those fossils might be destroyed because of the UV-radiation, what comes from the Sun. 

Did somebody make secretive Mars-flight?

But if the bacteria fossils are found only in the small area, that tells that the bacteria is coming from some other planet. And maybe that planet is Earth, but what is the reason, why the bacteria is in one certain place? Is the reason some kind of meteorite, what has been traveled to the planet Mars from the Earth. Or maybe the reason for those bacteria is something, that we cannot even imagine. 

The bacteria ever travel between planets without some force, which pushes it away from another planet's gravity field. And one explanation is connected with the strange "skulls",(2) what are found on that planet. The thing is that could it be possible that somebody attempted to make a manned flight to Mars, and then the mission was failed? 

Maybe the thing, that was destroyed was some kind of test capsule, what might carry chimpanzees or some other test animals, and then the thing would face some kind of technical problems. There is a possibility, that the carbon dioxide pocket under the Martian landscape has erupted because the exhaust gas would release the gas from the pocket. 

Was the nation, what made that mission the Soviet Union? The thing is that the nation lost the race to Moon, and then it made serious plans for Mars flight, but then the explosion of the N-1 rocket(3), what mission was to send the nuclear engine to the orbiter, that the manned module could dock with the reactor, and send to Mars by using NERVA(4)-type solution caused that the program was ended. 

But were the Soviets send the rest vehicle to Mars is a mystery. There are lots of documents about tests, which are made by N-1 and other devices, but there is no single document published about this kind of launch to Mars, where the capsule would attempt to return to Earth. So this kind of thing is pure speculations. And the origin of those strange forms remains a mystery until they would be analyzed in the very sophisticated laboratories.

(1)

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/fossil-microbes-mars

(2)

https://www.cnet.com/news/skull-seen-on-mars-will-make-your-imagination-run-wild/

(3)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1_(rocket)

(4)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

The rockets and their problems

The rockets and their problems

If the rocket motor uses oxygen and hydrogen as the fuel, it would be a very clear choice. The problem with the rocket motor is the noise of those systems. So there have been researching for making quiet rocket motors, which would have more capacity than any other systems before.

Those engines are based on the idea that in the rocket chamber would put the extreme hot particle, and this will make possible to rise from the ground silently and gently.  The fast rockets need the aerodynamic shape, and that thing limits their capacities.

If we could create the rocket, what can rise to the orbital trajectory by the extremely slow speed, that would be revolutionized the spaceflight. The shape of the spacecraft could be like some kind of a rollercoaster. And that will make possible to load the system as easily as the rollercoaster. The astronauts could sit on the bed or hang under the craft, what would take them to the orbiter and the friction would not be the problem if the speed is low enough.

But the main problem is that the system needs the same much fuel as the normal rocket. And the rockets are so noisy as normal rockets. There is a way to create the rocket engine, which would not cause noise. But in real life, the creation of this system would be quite difficult in practical solutions.

The system bases the electric arc, what burns in the rockets combustion chamber. That system could, in theory, operated by using the warm air, what would conduct through the motor. and the motor would expand the space of the gas by heating it by using the electric arc.

That structure would be installed in the rocket engine. And there is a possibility that through the craft would installed the tube, which makes it possible to suck the air through it. So this thing is working like some kind of combination of the rocket and ramjet engine.

The system would heat the air below it, and the rising air would conduct to the chamber, where it flows to the downfall, this would cause the hover, what will raise the craft from the ground. The reason why that kind of systems is created is that they can use external power sources, like maser rays to create the needed electricity.

But it's hard to make those things without nuclear power. The thing why this kind of rocket engines are interested in the engineers is that they can also operate without propellant, which is normally stored in the rocket. In the electric rockets like ion motors, and electric arc based solution the propellant is a different thing than the fuel. The fuel would be the nuclear material of the nuclear reactor.

In the simplest possible nuclear power solutions for the rocket motors the NERVA (Nuclear Energy Rocket Vehicle Application), the nuclear reactor is in the rocket motor, which replaces the combustion. The liquid hydrogen, what will be pumped through the combustion chamber will also decrease the temperature of the nuclear elements.

And the heat of the nuclear reactor would make the same thing what burn makes in the combustion chamber.  The idea is that those electric rockets can load their batteries by using solar panels or some else method, like connecting it to the power lines.

The thing is that that kind of systems can be very autonomous. And if there is enough time, that kind of rockets would be able to operate from another planet, and maybe this kind of systems would bring the first samples from the planets like Mars and Venus.