The problem with quantum computing is: how to transmit information over long distances in a qubit.

"In a recent study, researchers achieved high-visibility quantum interference between two independent semiconductor quantum dots, a crucial development towards scalable quantum networks". (ScitechDaily.com/Dawn of Solid-State Quantum Networks – The Holy Grail of Quantum Information Sciences)

The limit of binary networks is that they are slow for quantum computers. If quantum computers connect to quantum networks. That makes it possible to connect them to one entirety. 

Quantum networks allow quantum computers to communicate without bottlenecks. And that will be the next revolution in the world of quantum computing. 

The ability to transmit the information as a qubit over long distances would be the next step in quantum networks. The quantum networks will be faster and more secure networks than regular binary networks. There is a possibility that the spectrum is the key to those networks. 

When we think about the spectrum we must remember that each spectrum's color is an independent radiation wavelength. So the information can deliver from the qubit to the different color lasers. And that allows researchers to make the photon-based qubit, where certain color or wavelength is the certain state of the qubit. 

A long-distance quantum network is also possible to create by using multi-band radios. In that version, data is shared to different frequencies. And then send it to the receiver. This kind of system can make a faster and more secure network. When we are thinking about the quantum revolution we must realize a couple of things. The next-generation network should be easy to use, but the same time very secure.  The quantum system is not yet common. 

But technology is advancing. When quantum computers are turning more common, their prices will get lower. The problem with quantum computers is that they can keep their quantum entanglements only in a couple of seconds. Then the energy level quantum entanglement will turn to the same. And that breaks the entirety. 

The requirement for information travel in quantum entanglement is that another side is at the lower level. When the energy level in that structure turns stable, it breaks the superposition. When this thing happens the quantum computer must re-adjust. For that is required high-power binary computers are. In that process the system superposition and entangled two elementary particles. The speed of that process depends on the computer system's ability to control the quantum systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dawn-of-solid-state-quantum-networks-the-holy-grail-of-quantum-information-sciences/

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The new scaling quantum computers are coming.

Image 1)

The quantum entanglement in quantum computers must protect against outcoming effects. Quantum entanglement plays a key role in quantum computers. And the time that the entanglement stays determines the speed of the quantum computers. 

Photonic entanglement is one of the most promising things in quantum computers. There is the possibility to use two- or more layers of graphene. And then, between those layers, the system will create the quantum entanglement by using photons. 

That makes it possible to create quantum processors.  The data would input those quantum systems by using lasers.

Lasers can give the energy stress in the superpositioned and entangled photon pairs. And those photons can affect electromagnetic fields between graphene layers. 

Image 2) Diagram of QubiC prototype showing room-temperature electronics hardware. Credit: Gang Huang and Yilun/Berkeley Lab (Phys.Org/Open sourced control hardware for quantum computers)

The system senses those fields. One version is to install small silicon bites to graphene. 

And that thing can make the system able to detect differences in the brightness of the quantum entanglement. That makes the interaction between the quantum entanglement and the physical system.

The photonic crystals can also help to create long-term quantum entanglement. The speed of light can drop to zero in the photonic crystals. 

And that thing could help to create the stable quantum entanglement between photons. The photonic crystals can mount between graphene layers. And then, the system will use dropping of the speed of light while it creates the long-term quantum entanglement. 

Quantum entanglement is an interesting thing. It can use to transport information between two objects. But it can also use to make an identical copy of the data flow that travels in the quantum computers. So quantum entanglement can transmit data vertically and horizontally. 

Horizontal data transportation means that the quantum computer sends data between the data handling lines. That allows making the error detection in quantum computers. The idea is that error detection happens in quantum computers by simple things. 

The data will double in two or more data handling lines. Data handling lines could be independent quantum computers. Or they can be internal structures of processors. 

If those data handling lines are identical and they get identical results. There is the possibility that the answer is right. If the results of those lines are different.  There is the possibility that the answer is wrong. And if there are multiple different solutions in multiple data handling lines. The answer is wrong. 

The reason for multiple, different answers could be that the input is not correct. That means that the programmers should check the input and the code that controls the system. 

The new scaling quantum computers are more powerful than ever before. The AI-based operational systems make those systems faster than people imagine. And maybe quite soon there is a possibility to use quantum computers without binary computing level. The problem with quantum computers is that the input devices are using the binary system. That means the bottlenecks are the screens and keyboards. 

The new open-source systems can use to control quantum computers. Developing that system by using open-source methodology brings more qualified programmers to quantum computer projects. And the computer requires hardware and software for making successful operations. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-02-entanglement-scaling-quantum-machine.html

https://phys.org/news/2022-02-sourced-hardware-quantum.html

https://www.sci-nature.vip/2022/02/speed-of-light-could-be-dropped-to-zero.html?m=1

https://spectrum.ieee.org/topological-photonics-entanglement-protection

Image 1) https://phys.org/news/2022-02-entanglement-scaling-quantum-machine.html

Image 2)https://phys.org/news/2022-02-sourced-hardware-quantum.html

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Are bitcoins safe from attackers who use quantum computers?

The fact is this. There is quite a small number of quantum computers in the world. They are easy to control. And there is no free access to those computers. If the quantum computer is in some cave there is the possibility to double-check the code that s driven by using quantum computers. But if some intelligence service uses that quantum computer. There is the possibility. That it will use as a tool for network attacks. 

Trusted organizations are controlling those systems. And that means the internet is safe from private attackers who use quantum computers. But the problem is that some governments might have a will to attack other states' facilities by using quantum computers. 

Nobody protects people against governmental actors. If the hackers are operating under governmental protection. There is no way to get them to the court. 

The NSA is not the only network intelligence organization in the world. Chinese and Russians are also interesting in quantum computers. And those governments have their way to make hackers cooperate with their military and intelligence organizations. If some hacker would not cooperate those governments will make some trouble to that person who dares to deny their offer. 

In the worst cases, some family members will get in trouble. If the hacker says "no". And the offer goes like this. If the hacker will cooperate with authorities, some of that person's family members would not get a new workplace in carbon mining. 

And one area where quantum computers are the ultimate tools is cryptology. Quantum computers can use to break protective algorithms. The thing is that the benefits and power of quantum computers are well-known. That makes them very financed and very wanted tools.

As I wrote earlier, there are not many quantum computers in the world yet. But the situation can change quite soon. The R&D work around quantum computers continues. And the advantages in that area are impressive. The quantum computers would turn more common all the time. 

And sooner or later also medium and small-size companies can buy those systems. So in those companies may work people with some gang-contacts. And they can offer access to their systems for private hackers.

The biggest threat from the non-governmental sector is that some hackers will get access to quantum computers. And they can use the quantum systems for carking tools. When those quantum systems turn more common, there is the possibility that this kind of quantum system would get into the wrong hands. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/bitcoin-encryption-is-safe-from-quantum-computers-for-now/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The speed limit for quantum computers

   

 The speed limit for quantum computers

An artistic illustration of a matter-wave rolling down a steep potential hill. Credit: Enrique Sahagún – Scixel (ScitechDaily/Quantum Marbles in a Bowl of Light – The Speed Limit for Quantum Computations)

The minimum time that the quantum gate needs to react is the time that is the absolute limit for quantum computers. The quantum gate is the gate that cuts the data line, and the speed of that gate is the thing that determines the maximum speed of quantum computers. 

The fact is that all people who worked with quantum technology know that there are speed limits even for quantum computers. The speed of light is not the problem because long-distance superposition and entanglement between particles can surround the cosmic speed limit. But if we want that the superpositioned and entangled particles would bring visible or meaningful benefit for quantum systems. 

The distance between the systems must be enormous. The thing is that superpositioned and entangled particles are acting as quantum sticks. When another side of quantum entanglement is moving also other side is moving. But that thing doesn't remove the need for a quantum gate. 

So it separates the data packages and sends them to the right addresses. But the thing is that the quantum gate (quantum logic gate)  is more complicated than the gate (logic gate). 

The speed of that gate is enormous. But always when there is something that has mass. The speed has limits. One of the solutions for increasing the speed of that gate could benefit things like some atoms. The system can pump energy to the atom. And that thing can cause that the size of an atom can change. 

That thing can cut the photonic interaction. The other version is to use hydrogen atoms, and then the electromagnetic stress will cause changes to the trajectories of electrons. That thing can let the energy travel through protons and electrons. 

The error correlation is the problem with quantum computers. The error correction is the thing that is necessary for making a practical quantum system. The answer is to use two quantum systems that are getting the same data. The splitting photons can make sure. The data that is sent to two quantum systems is identical. 

And if there is some kind of difference between the answers. There is some kind of anomaly in the system. If the answers are also identical. The answer should be correct. And when the number of data handling lines increases. The possibility to find errors is also increasing. That increases the trust and accuracy of the quantum systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/important-milestone-reached-in-quantum-computing-with-error-correction/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-marbles-in-a-bowl-of-light-the-speed-limit-for-quantum-computations/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_logic_gate

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-marbles-in-a-bowl-of-light-the-speed-limit-for-quantum-computations/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Laser light turns free electrons into qubits.

The ability to turn or modulate free electrons into qubits is one of the most interesting things in the history of quantum computers. The quantum system can turn the radio waves or every kind of electron flow into a qubit. And that thing opens the new roads to long-distance quantum communication and quantum computing. 

If the electrons of radio waves would turn to qubits that would bring a new dimension to the high-power data transmission. The radio waves can carry regular data that would not need special encrypting. The special secured data can be closed in the quantum level of data transportation.

The long-distance data transmission would happen by using the fullerene or normal vacuum tubes. The electrons would send through that tube, and they can transmit data over long distances. Or maybe somewhere in the future, those qubits can send through the air. By using the laser ray as the protective quantum channel. 

That thing can make it possible to connect two or more quantum computers to a network by using their quantum states. That long-distance quantum connection will increase the speed of quantum systems. 

In normal quantum computers, the connection happens by using binary states. And that thing makes quantum computers slower than they could be. In normal quantum computers, the data will load to the quantum state by using the binary system that encodes data to the quantum state. 

When two regular quantum computers wanted to link to one entirety. That thing happens by using the technology where data is loaded back to binary level. And then sending to another quantum computer by using the Internet. And finally, the data would drive to the quantum state of the second quantum computer. 

If the quantum layers can connect straight together. That thing will improve the speed of those systems. The electrons that are traveling in the vacuum tubes or laser rays can transmit data over long distances.

But if the neutrino can transform qubit. That thing can increase the speed of data transmission over extremely long distances. The problem with neutrinos is that they are hard to produce and also hard to detect. But the neutrino qubits can make it possible to create interstellar or at least extremely long-distance communication. 

The idea is that those neutrinos will be superpositioned over long distances. But that requires the technology that can trap and superposition, and entangle neutrinos. Maybe the laser rays can make that thing possible. 

But the ability to change the free electrons to qubits is opening interesting roads to the quantum systems. Theoretically, every type of electron cloud can turn into a quantum annealing system. If the large-size electron cloud can turn to qubits that thing would bring the revolution to quantum computers. 

There is the possibility that the electron cloud would hover in the magnetic chamber. And then laser rays will shoot through it. That thing makes it possible to create new and larger-size quantum annealing systems. 

The electron clouds can hover in the vacuum chamber. And the thing is that those vacuum chambers can install in satellites or space probes. This thing makes it possible to drive more complicated artificial intelligence algorithms than ever before. Those quantum computers that are basing the magnetic chamber can also offer a new way to carry data. 

The magnetic chamber where is the hovering electron cloud can be used as the data transport system. And another version would be that the quantum USB-data transporter is used as the mobile quantum microprocessor. 

Those visions might be real in the distant future. But the fact is that advancing quantum computers is extremely fast. That means that nobody can predict the next step in quantum computing, which is the fastest advancing sector in the high-tech industry. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-11-laser-modulate-free-electrons-qubits.html

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Problems of a quantum computer, and how they might be solved someday.

Problems of a quantum computer, and how they might be solved someday.

The attempt to create ultrafast microprocessors is really difficult, and sometimes people, like me have suggested that the temperature of the processor would decrease in the superconducting temperature. The problem is the silicon would transform as well superconducting, and the electricity will jump out from wire. Also, superconducting components like switches would not stop electricity, and that's why they cannot control the route of electricity because electrons pass those parts.

When we are thinking about the thing like a quantum computer, we would have problems to make qubits, what have more than two possible values. Sometimes I have thought that ionized water or Crypton based molecule would allow creating qubit, and when one side of this ionized molecule touches the gate, the value would be zero, when the two parts of the molecule touch the gate would the system get value one, and when all three parts are touching the gate, would the value be two.

This technology would be called as the "physical qubit", where ionized molecule would act as the qubit, what is the replacer of the bit in the quantum computer. But the difference between the quantum computer and normal computer is that quantum computers would handle the minimum type of information, and the information what it handles is the numbers. When there is needed the number breaking capacity, where is needed to calculate the extremely long prime numbers or quantum prime numbers, the quantum computer would be an extremely good tool.

How about virtual qubits?

In this text is the picture of the map of the railway station, and the thing is that the wires can be thought of as the railroads, where the data goes. In this model, the data, that will travel to the nucleus of the processor is filtered. Everything else, except the numeric values, what are the strongest field of the computer would be removed from the input syntaxes, what will send to the nucleus of the processor, what will handle the minimum type of data, but what will make it extremely effective way.

Those wires what will travel to the nucleus of the quantum processor would form the thing, what we can call as the virtual qubit. The four wires would bring the electrons, and the pairs of those wires would send the data to the upper levels of the system. When one wire would bring electron, the value would be zero, when two wires would bring electron, the value is one when three wires would bring electron, would the value be two. And when the four wires would bring electron to quantum level the value would be three.

So the value of the linear qubit would be (n-1).  When we are thinking about the output, each wire, what is taking the data away from the quantum processor can be connected to the own conventional processor. And that kind of thing would revolutionize the handling of data.