In modern science, we often hear the word "quantum", which means something very small. And as we might see, the world is full of things that are using the name "quantum"." quantum physics", "quantum mechanics", "quantum computers" are words, what we often see and what we often hear. But what means "quantum"? Here I must say that "quantum" is something really small and fundamental. And everything is quantum.
Sometimes term "quantum" means an object what we cannot section, and where we cannot find new particles, even if we are trying to bomb it with energy or otherwise separate smaller bites from it. Quantum numbers are prime numbers, or sometimes they mean extremely long decimal prime numbers, where are billions of numbers or simpler saying prime numbers, where are billions of numbers. So the modern world is for quantum, and that's it.
Have you heard quantum engineering?
When we are thinking about the production of extremely small physical machines, we are facing one little problem. Only a large number of those machines can take effect, and if we are thinking about the micrometer-sized gearbox, there are as many parts as normal size gearbox, and that makes the building of those machines quite difficult.
This technology is called "mini technology". "Mini technology" means that the normal machine is miniaturized in a very small size. Those things look like machines, but they are smaller than normal machines. The problem of those machines is the production of electricity and creating the control systems, like a couple of micrometer size microchips. But what means nanotechnology? And how those things are connected with mini technology?
Nanomachines are the molecules, that are doing something. The simplest molecules would be only the carbon chains, which have even thousands of atoms in the chain. And in the forward of that chain would put some enzyme or iron atom what can be used to pull the molecule in the right place. Or the mini machines can be used to pull the nanomachine in the right place. Those miniaturized robots just touch the molecule, and then they will pull it to a certain place.
Of course, we can create extremely small size batteries by using atom chains. In some ideas, the two chains of atoms would put next to each other. And if the other chain is gold and the second one is the iron or zink, and that would create enough power to operate miniaturized robots. Or there is a possibility to deliver electric power to those machines by using radio waves. and that would make them easier to control because if the radio transmitter shut down the electricity in those devices will cut.
The size of those microchips, which are controlling those devices is very small, and the wires inside them are only the chains of atoms. In theory, three atoms can form transistors, and the switches can be made by chains of atoms. When the switch would be open the atom chain would pull to contact with the wire. When those gates must be closed the atom chain would pull away from the wire. But how we can manufacture them? The answer is that the ions would shoot to layer, and then the magnet field would stop them in the form, what makes wants. That makes possible to create small and complicated forms.
But what is quantum electricity?
There is a possibility to make a battery by using two atoms. That system would give electricity to the extremely small machines, which are smaller than we ever thought. When we are choosing the metals, we must realize, that what bigger is the difference in the electronegativity between those atoms, that would increase the voltage, what those batteries can deliver.
And in this case, those nano-batteries can deliver electricity to the extremely small microchips, where the wires are chains of atoms, as I have written before. Chain of carbon and metal atoms can work as the electric wires. Sometimes, we are thinking that the atoms are limit for miniaturizing. But in theory, we could create even smaller batteries.
What is the smallest possible theoretical battery or power source, what mankind can ever create? In the electric circuit, electricity goes between two polar, which are plus and minus. In theory, the single electron and proton can form the plus and minus polar for an extremely small electric circuit. And of course, there have been introduced theories, that the super springs, what are forming quarks can act as the quantum batteries, but we cannot make those things stable. The problem is that we cannot create so small wires, that we can benefit those things, but the theories are a nice thing to think.
