The 4G and 5G network co-operation with aerial vehicles

The 4G and 5G network co-operation with aerial vehicles

The ground-based data networks are not always suitable to cooperate with aerial vehicles. The problem with compatible is causing, because of the land-based data networks need different kind of roaming protocol than land-based communication equipment. The roaming means the ability to change the relay station automatically, and the system works that the network is locating the mobile device, and when the other support station turns to dominant, the station would be changed.

And the aerial vehicle has problems that the roaming must happen faster than with the ground vehicles, and the direction or angle of the vehicle is different. The normal data network is created for supporting the ground-based system, and the aerial vehicles can be in the shadow if they are flying over some areas.

The supporting- or relay stations of the network are normally in the places, where is straight visibility to the ground. But to the air is limits. If the station is below the eaves, the metal structure can cover the drone, which flies in the line where is a metal structure in the straight line between the support station and drone. When we are thinking about the possibility to control drones from another side of Earth by using civilian internet that is possible.

But in this case, the drone must equip with the program, which allows it to look for the signals independently if the network signal is gone. Or the drones can work in pairs or groups, where one drone is always keeping contact with the network, and then that drone would deliver the control signals from the internet to other drones.

There are many problems with that kind of thing. But if the quadcopters would be equipped with TERCOM and DSMAC-type systems, they could operate independently in the city areas. In this case, the aircraft or satellite can create the 3D-map image and the drones can use Lidars or other types of systems to observe the area.

Drone swarms and intelligent inertial systems

Some of those drones might be equipped with gyroscopes or inertial navigation systems. That system would record the track, and then it would fly back to the position, where it had last time the control signal. when we are thinking about the intelligent inertial system, the system needs only the gyroscope. And the other data that the system needs would get from propellers.

The system simply calculates how many times the propellers have been rotated during the time unit, and then the system would just fly back the movements, what it has taken. And then the computer just rotates the propellers as many times as it has been rotated during that distance.

So there is not necessarily needed the acceleration sensors at all. The acceleration sensor would be ineffective if it is used in the low-speed flight. But if we are using a laser-based system, what meters the range to the walls and other barriers, that kind of system can calculate the acceleration very effectively even in the low-speed flying.

Lidar is a very good tool for that purpose because it can use as the altimeter. But also normal, small size radar or sonar, what is similar, what is used in the mobile telephones for focusing cameras can be used for that thing. That system can also scan the ground and buildings.

Multiple sensors guarantee the success of the mission, but every drone must not have the same kind of sensor pack. And artificial intelligence makes those swarms very flexible.

The CCD-cameras can look at the environment by using the normal, and infrared frequencies. And those drones can also connect their computers to one bigger entirety, which makes it possible to connect their capacities to run those programs. The drones can also communicate with the satellite by using the GPS and satellite communication sets.

The thing is that only one drone must have the satellite communication set with a high-speed modem. That is so-called "master drone", what would deliver missions to the other and simpler drones. The thing is that the master drones would observe simpler drones, and if some of those "slave drones" would be lost contact, the master sends the relay drone to see, what is happening.

So, in this case, the drone swarm might have many types of members. Only a couple of members have all systems, and the others, what is operating in the "danger zone", where they can be damaged might be simpler. And those simpler drones might be located by using RFID-based triangular metering systems. That helps to keep the price of those systems lower.

The natural-looking recon drones

The natural-looking recon drones

Have you noticed that some hoverflies are like searching for the ID-papers? Of course, this is only a coincidence, that when some person keeps the wallet open, there would come the hoverfly to look for the place, where it can put its eggs. But the new kind of nano-drones or robot bugs might make this kind of things, and the thing is that those drones might look like real bugs.

YouTube and the Internet are full of stories about nanorobots, what are looking like mosquitos, but if I would create recon drone, what can operate undercover, I would choose some other bug than a mosquito. That form should be something, what is not tempt people to damage drone by slapping it with newspaper, and that's why hoverflies or dragonflies would be more suitable for that purpose. The thing is that the small-size drones have limited computing capacity, but they can operate as swarms.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z78mgfKprdg

That means the drone can be remotely connected with the central computer, and the transmitter would not need to be so powerful, as people normally think. This kind of nanotechnical drones can make row to the central computer, that they can communicate from long distances. And they can use lasers or some other optical communication systems for command messages, which makes them very difficult to detect. 

In this solution, the communication would happen from the drone to another, and the small-size drones can get their electricity from high-power radio transmitters, like high power OTH-radars. That allows them to operate unseen and they can collect data from every each person, what is targeted to them.

And those drones are extremely difficult to find. They can communicate with their command center by using the same data transmitters, which are used in the mobile telephones. Those operators can sit in the command center at another side of Earth, or they can work in the operational field. The communication can happen with blue tooth or every other data communication solution.

This would allow the operator to use their mobile telephones antenna for data communication between themselves and drone swarm. Those small drones can make many things, like take the samples of tissue of some people. They can also observe rooms, and collect the data from the WLAN systems. But those drones can also be used to follow the behavior of natural animals, and they can search people from some area. 

Drone-swarms can cover a very large area, and even if they have limited equipment, the large mass of them replaces the quality. That means that every each drone might have different sensors, and they can produce in the operational area. In this that the cores of the drones can put in the small robot unit, which puts the necessary sensor in them.

This supply unit can install in the helicopter, and there could be many types of sensors, which can put in those drones. That equipment could be radio-active or chemical detectors or even the ricin injectors for assassination missions. And this kind of things makes those drones extremely dangerous. They are cheap to produce in the automatized factories, and they are unseen.

Anti-drone weapons

Anti-drone weapons

The new threats would make a need to create new counter-weapons. Drone-swarms are the threat to the military forces around the world. And when we are thinking about counter-actions against those weapons the most effective thing against them, if we would use the conventional systems are the fast-shooting automatic shotguns like a shotgun version of the normal machine guns and cannons, what are shooting birdshot. The idea is that the drone-swarms would shoot a large number of steel balls, what mission is to shoot down as many drones as possible.

Those weapons can be as an example 155 mm. field howitzer, what is loaded with shrapnel ammunition, which makes that weapon very effective in the purpose, where is needed to destroy very many drones at the same time. But also microwave and plasma-based solutions would be effective in the case, where drone-swarms are attacking against some area.

If this kind of weapon is dropped from the aircraft above the swarm there is a possibility that the EMP-bomb would destroy all electronics of that drone swarm. But the EMP weapon, what bases the technology, where the battery is pressed with explosives. Also, the weapons, which are based with MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) would be used against drone swarms as well as many other targets. 

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/hpm.htm


The radars, what are operating by using high voltage microwave frequencies can also terminate incoming aircraft and as well as drone swarms. The difference between radio-and microwaves is that the microwaves are warming targets, and that's why they are used in a microwave oven.

If we would target microwaves to the head of the person, that would cause the same effect, what happens, when the cruel egg is put in the microwave oven. Microwave-frequential electromagnetic radiation would also heat the metals, and if the materials of the aircraft are melting, that would cause the situation, that the body of the aircraft would be destroyed.

That system would create extremely high power microwave burst can also be used against aircraft and satellites. The microwave would be very dangerous for humans and animals, but the reason, why those weapons are created is that the microwave area is sharper than with the use of napalm or some conventional explosive.

There are rumors that the HPV:s (High-Power Microwave Bombs) are meant to use also against the attacking aircraft. That means that those microwave burst weapons would be dropped from the satellites to the route of attacking aircraft and those weapons might sweep those aircraft from the skies. 

EMP-weapons might also damage electronics of the large warships, missile-sites and other places, where the electronics are in a vital role. But if we are thinking about non-lethal and existing things, the most effective weapons can be the ECM-systems, which are used normally to jam the radars.

Those systems can also use to deny the communication between drones and that means that drones lose the data-connections, also ECM-systems can jam normal encrypted communication, what uses the data transmitter. Also, those ECM systems can deny the use of IFF (Identification, Friend or Foe) systems, if they base the radio-communication.

Other versions of the IFF systems use optical data transmitters, what are immune against radio-wave based systems, but they are vulnerable to clouds and smoke, what denies those systems communicate with other systems. And the optical IFF-system is easy to hack. The aircraft or land station must just record those flashes, and copy them to own similar systems.

MAV:s (Miniature Aerial Vehicles)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

MAV:s (Miniature Aerial Vehicles) are the most capable vehicles in the battlefield and other danger zones like in the areas of nuclear fallout. Those simple but large number of aerial vehicles can be very capable in the many missions. Of course MAV:s can also have wheels below them or they can walk with feet, what looks like the feet of the bugs, and that capacity would allow them to slip in from the small holes in the wall and ventilation tubes.

The computer system of those drones would calculate the certain point of the rotating propeller of the ventilation, and then slip in between the wings of the propeller. Those MAV:s can operate autonomously if they would connect their computers together by using WLAN or BlueTooth, and they can get very much calculating power for their operations. The MAV:s can have numerous shapes, and they can look like pencils, pastilles, tinderboxes, mobile telephones, and microchips. In fact, they might look like some dropped candy, and the agent would drop it from the pocket.

The MAV can be controlled from another side from the Earth, and this is, why it is very useful for spy missions. The MAV:s can be installed on the layer of the microcircuit, and they might slip in the military bases or some highly secured areas as playing the part of the microcircuit. Then they would be released from the layer, and they can fly across the enemy or opposite side base.

Those systems might have miniaturized inertial navigation, which allows them to operate in the EMP-protected spaces, and if they would not get the satellite connection, they can fly back to the point, where the satellite's radio signal is visible and send their data. Those systems might be extremely lethal if they are used in the assassination missions.

If those systems are equipped with explosives or nerve-gas, they can make serious damages to command centers. In some scenario, those MAV:s are equipped with tanks of acid, what they can deliver to the microcircuits. Or they can have things like miniaturized FAE bombs. In this scenario, those vehicles can be equipped with tanks, what is filled with the same gas, what is used in cigarette lighters, and that thing can be used to create miniaturized aerosol explosive.

If those drones would operate only in the reconnaissance mission, in the EMP-protected areas they can use inertial navigation or miniaturized gyroscopes for navigating themselves to the area, where they can deliver their data to the satellites.  After delivering their information, that is stored in flash-memories those tiny robots can go back inside the space, and continue to collect the data.

MAV:s can get their electricity from the loading point, what might be in the place, where they have been carried inside, but they might also be covered by silicone layer, what will make electricity straight from the light. The small size robots like MAV:s can also be equipped with a similar system, what is used in the self-loading watches. So the operator must only shake the MAV, and it would get the electricity, just like some kinetic motion loadable wristwatch.

They might have also many other energy sources, and those systems can get their electricity from high-power radio waves, or they might use fuel cells to operate. In this case in the operation area would deliver the hydrocarbon bottles what are filled with spree, and those MAV:s can fill the tanks by using alcohol as fuel. The plutonium batteries, what is used in pacemakers would be very interesting, but the problem is, that those small-sized RTG:s can be used to produce dirty nuclear weapons or pollution bombs, and that's why this kind of power source is not very useful.

The MAV:s can be delivered to the operation areas from aircraft, artillery shells or they can be delivered from satellites and carried in the pockets of the agents. They can communicate with headquarters by using modified GPS-systems, which can also be used for locating this thing.  Those MAV:s or MAV swarms can be equipped with sophisticated sensors. Even if one MAV can use one sensor type, the swarm can have different types of MAV:s. Against those MAVs can be operated by using high power radio signal, which denies them to communicate together. And the similar ECM-systems, what is used for jamming the radars can disturb the communication between those robots.

In those cases, the drones must be re-synchronize by setting a new channel for their radio transmitters that they can re-connect together. They should use self-adjusting radios for communication. In this system, one of those drones would send the signal, what makes the other adjust their WLAN systems to another channel if the signal would be weak.  Also, EMP-weapons like microwaves and high power radio bursts can be effective against drone swarms, and the last ones have no effect against humans.

In the wildest dreams NASA would send the swarm of MAV:s to search the atmosphere and surface of the other particles in the solar system. A large number of the RTG-powered RPV:s can be delivered in the atmosphere of Titan or some other planet or moon. They can search for the large areas of the planet or moon, and because there is a large number of independent robots in the atmosphere of the other planet, the loss of one of those robots would not risk entire mission.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5YkQ9w3PJ4