Nanotubes are not standing forever. But they are ultimate tools. 

The nanotubes are vulnerable to pulling. If the atoms that are creating nanotube would be separated. That thing will pull them away. The difference between carbon-based nanotubes and metal is that carbon nanotubes are not elastic. They can cut before previous damages. And that thing is one of the weaknesses of nanotubes. 

Every material has limits. And even nanotubes cannot stand forever. The thing is that stress and other things are causing the situation that sometimes even diamonds will break. The fact is nanotubes are strong and very useful materials for many purposes. They can use in modern photon-based computers for protecting laser rays for eavesdroppers. And in quantum computers, the qubit can travel through nanotubes that protect them against outcoming effects. 

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Image 1: "Rice University researchers determined several ways a nanotube experiences plastic failure, either through dislocation movement under 6% strain (here) or through shear band formation under 14% strain. Both mechanisms, seen in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, only activate under extreme conditions, so neither appears to be a significant factor in the fatigue of the nanotubes. Credit: Nitant Gupta/Yakobson Research Group" (https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/)

Image 2: "Rice University researchers determined several ways a nanotube experiences plastic failure, either through dislocation movement under 6% strain or in this animation through shear band formation under 14% strain. Both mechanisms, seen in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, only activate under extreme conditions, so neither appears to be a significant factor in the fatigue of the nanotubes. Credit: Nitant Gupta/Yakobson Research Group" (https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/)

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The nanotubes can also protect things like scanning tunneling microscopes and a new type of laser microscopes. In those systems, the ion will hover in the nanotube. Or laser rays will just send through the nanotube and that thing protects the measurement system against non-controlled effects. When an extremely thin system scans the surface of the layer even one air molecule can cause errors for measurement. 

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If the scanning tunneling microscope uses superpositioned and entangled photons for scanning surfaces. That system sees even individual electrons. 

The accuracy of the scanning tunneling microscopes is so high. That they are seeing individual atoms. But the quantum entanglement would make those scanning tunneling microscopes more powerful than ever before. 

If the system uses superpositioned and entangled photons or electrons for scanning surfaces. That system sees even the individual electrons. 

But the superpositioned and entangled photons require extremely high controlled conditions. So the superposition can conduct through the nanotube that protects it from the outcoming effects. 

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Image 3: "An electron wavepacket is directed at a potential barrier. Note the dim spot on the right that represents tunneling electrons". (Wikipedia, Quantum tunneling)

The nanotubes can give more power to ion engines. 

Also, maybe someday nanotubes can use for creating rocket engines. That will use quantum tunneling for making faster exhaust gas. In those futuristic ion engines, the quantum tunneling makes it possible that the ions or electrons and protons can travel faster than in so-called regular rocket engines. 

If the ion engines ion flow will be covered by microwaves. That thing protects them to side coming electromagnetic radiation. The side coming radiation along with quantum fields are the thing that slows the particles. 

The quantum tunneling makes it possible that the speed of the particle is rising to a level that is higher than everywhere else. And nanotubes can use to create conditions. Where the particle's speed is so close to the speed of light. As possible.

Researchers can theoretically make the conditions where the speed of ions will rise higher than in normal space by creating the radio- or microwaves that travel to the direction where the exhausting particles are traveling. That electromagnetic field removes the quantum fields that are crossing the flight path of the outcoming particles.

https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

Images 1 and 2:https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/

Image3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The giant ball-lightning could revolutionize the travel in space

The giant ball-lightning could revolutionize the travel in space

The ball is impossible to crush. And if we would load the metal or carbon fiber ball with extreme powerful electricity, that can make this ball acting like giant ball lightning. That thing can be covered by ion core, what makes it stealth, and protects it against heat. And if the plasma layer would rotate with extremely high speed, that could make possible to stop the time in the ball. This kind of system could travel independently or it can put in some interstellar spacecraft, and the line tanks around the futuristic "Daedalus concept" would have this kind of probe between them.

A radical way of thinking makes engineering possible. That means that there is one very interesting version of ion propulsion, and there the role of the actor is the ball-shaped spacecraft, which would shoot to journey by using giant magnetic cannon. This system bases the idea that the metal ball, what is equipped with the extremely powerful magnetic field would act as a giant plasma ball, and it can ride in the universe by using the plasma, which is flowing across the outer layer as the propellant.

This thing is one of the most interesting of so-called extraordinary or exotic spacecraft, which can someday research the universe. The highly magnetized fully symmetrical ball can collect the ion layer over it. This remarkable thing would make possible to create the ball-shaped spacecraft or probe what can lay very close to the stars like the sun. The ion layer would keep the hot corona of the sun or other stars away from the surface of that ball.

This carbon fiber or fullerene ball-shaped spacecraft would have abilities, what another form of the spacecraft would not have. The ball cannot be crushed by pressure, and that thing gives ball-shaped spacecraft the ability to dive deep inside the atmosphere of the giant gas planets. The idea is to create the particle, which has the form of the absolute ball. If there is any kind of mistakes or errors of accuracy in the form the pressure would crush the ball.

And when we are thinking about the propulsion of that ball, the system would need extreme powerful magnets for kicking the ions on a certain side. That kind of radical system could have many types of things, what it can do. It could fly like other plasma balls by following the magnetic power line way very high speed. If we would want to turn the object to a certain star, we must just turn the right polar to the star, and that thing would help to pull the ball to the star.

In the wildest visions, this kind of spacecraft would be turned to the giant qubit, and if there is the magnetic system, what looks like longitudes that system could rotate the plasma layer, that the plasma would travel with near of the speed of light. In this case, the system would stop the time in the ball, and that can make possible to create the time machine, where the journey travel to the future is possible,

Fullerene based hydride materials are giving new ideas for researchers of technology.

Fullerene based hydride materials are giving new ideas for researchers of technology.

Silicon-carbon hybrid fullerenes can revolutionize materials and electric production. Those materials can be used as the fusion devices as well as creating the extreme hard layers.

Fullerenes and silicon are very interesting materials because both of them can be used as creating special layers for layers. If we think about graphene, what is one atom layer of carbon on the layer, that thing would make a very hard surface. And the thing is that the graphene can put on the surface as the dust, where the pencil would cover the entire layer, and then the laser would remove other atom layers away until there would be one atom layer of carbon on the surface.

That thing can revolutionize things like material research.  Graphene has many targets for use from the tools to the layers of aircraft and space technology. The lightweight and extremely hard surfaces have many kinds of purposes in every target from everyday life to space technology. It can use to create harder components for mobile devices but the problem is how to remove extra atom layers from the graphite?

But the thing, what makes graphene more fascinating is that the technology, what is used to create this material can be used also for creating one atom layers from other elements. That means that the graphene would be very nice material itself, but it can be used in the same way the part of hybrid materials. In some scenarios, the graphene layer would be covered by a similar one atom layer of silicon, which makes the layer a very lightweight solar panel.

This kind of thing makes possible to create revolutionary aircraft and another kind of solutions. That kind of technology would improve the abilities of the long-range aircraft like U-2, which are used for extremely long-range intelligence operations. The graphene itself gives to that plane very hard covering layer, but if those layers could also produce electricity, that means that the layer would give more benefit to that aircraft.

One of the things is that those aircraft would need less fuel, and they can even shut down their engines during the flight because the solar panels would give electricity to the systems of that aircraft. And if the aircraft can glide in some parts of their missions, they would make longer operations.

Silicon- carbon hybrid fullerene would make possible to create an extremely small-sized fusion device, which can be launched by using simply the light. And this thing would make it interesting. That thing can use in the spacecraft, what is operating like "Orion", but uses fusion devices for giving the thrust. Replacing fission bombs by fusion, that vehicle could be more ecological.

But when we are thinking about the extremely large fullerene ball, what have billions of carbon atoms, we might think the situation, where that ball would cover by using the silicon atoms. Or it is simply put inside the silicon ball, that thing could make an interesting phenomenon. If there are small antennas inside the fullerene ball, what can be the metal atoms, that thing could create the electric arc inside that ball, and then there would be some gas like deuterium and tritium (or lithium), it can start the fusion reaction.

Of course, there is no need to be billions of carbon atoms in this kind of fullerene ball. Normal 110 atom fullerene, where is another layer of silicon atoms would make possible to create this kind of fusion reactor, which can have very many solutions like in the fusion rockets to nuclear weapons. The fusion rocket would shoot those fullerene pallets behind the spacecraft, and then the radio impulse would hit to them, which causes the explosion. But the silicon layer would make possible to use pure light in that kind of device.

The thoughts about extraordinary organisms and structures

The thoughts about extraordinary organisms and structures

Sometimes people have given advise, that we should someday think and write about the most extraordinary case, what we can imagine or expect to find at the universe. In this case, the giant fullerene molecule could cover the entire solar system. And in the strange hypothesis, there could form the aliens on the outer and inner layers of that giant molecule.

When we are talking giant structures, we must see that fullerenes and graphene-layers have not the top size, and in theory entire solar system or planet can be covered by using the graphene. The thing that puts limits is that the graphene needs carbon for manufacturing the extreme large layers.

But when we are thinking about the monoatomic planet, what would consist only carbon atoms, that thing can be internal layers of fullerenes, what has an extremely large number of carbon atoms. The thing of the size of the fullerene molecule has no limit, and that's why some theorists have been said that there could be the extremely large carbon balls on the universe, where would be the entire solar system inside them.

Here people sometimes say, that this kind of thing is impossible, but the thing is that the solar systems of red dwarfs like Gliese 581 are not big. The entire planetary system of that red dwarf is fitting in the trajectory of Mercury, so the theorists have been asked is it possible that the giant fullerene structure would close the entire planetary system inside it. And then there would be the thing that we could call as the hollow planet.

This kind of funny idea is that inside this kind of giant structure could form the lifeforms, and grow trees and other things like that. But the difference between those creatures and so-called conventional way to think is that those creatures would live inside giant natural or artificial Dyson's sphere.

And that would cause the way of think of those hypothetical aliens. In this case, those aliens would see only their central star, what would be the nucleus of their hollow planet, and the planets, what orbits that thing. That thing would make those strange aliens afraid of the dark. And if we would think more extraordinary possibilities the other side of that planet would live organism, what would live in total darkness.

So, in this case, the internal star would warm that giant hollow structure and makes life possible also in the outer layer of the structure. That kind of case might create the giant symbiosis, where the internal organisms would produce food and other things for both of the creatures.

The outer organism would protect the structure against the meteorites and other impacts. In this case, the thing is that the organisms could not live in the environment of each other. The internal organism would freeze in the outer layer of the fullerene, and the outer organisms would burn to ash inside the ball. This kind of thing would be too extraordinary for being true, but those hypotheses are fascinating things to think.

The giant fullerenes and neutron balls

The giant fullerenes and neutron balls

There are no limits of the size of fullerene, which means that those carbon balls would, in theory, grow the size of the planet. And that thing brings fascinating visions of the spacecraft of the future, what are as well lightweight and lasting.

The thing in that kind of hypothetical spacecraft, what would consist only one layer of carbon atoms is that it can be used as the giant quantum bit or qubit, which can send across the universe by using the giant radio maser, what would be the artificial version of the black hole. The mission of this system would be forming the virtual wormhole between two points of the universe.

When we are thinking that kind of thing, we might realize that creating this kind of hyper fullerene is theoretically possible. And it would revolutionize space travel and other kinds of things. In this scenario, the giant iron ball would be covered by using graphene, and then the steel ball would be removed from inside the graphene ball by melting it.

In this technology, there would be left the hole in the graphene layer, that the melted iron can be removed from that hole, and then the bite of graphene would be used for fixing the hole, what makes possible to create the giant carbon ball, what is extremely lightweight. And the connection of the graphene bites together would happen by magnetizing those atoms. And if the graphene layer must disappear, the magnetism of that molecule must only be removed, and then the carbon ball would just disappear.

If we think the planet is formed by single type elements, that would make it act like one giant hyper atom. So if this kind of structure would be pure carbon, and there would not other this kind of atoms, there is a possibility, that it starts to form incredible large-size molecules with other similar particles.

This thing could happen only in the absolute stable universe, which means that this kind of thing is still a pure theory. If that kind of planets or superatoms can form somewhere, that thing would make possible that those particles and structures are making similar bridges with each other like molecules make on Earth, but the size of those structures would be enormous.

And that thing would work also with ball-shaped giant molecules. This is a really fascinating thing in the chemistry and theoretical way to think. There are no limits for imagination, and maybe that thing would happen in the universe when it turns colder. As I have written recently.

But even more, the fascinating idea would be to create the ball by using neutrons. Or the fullerene ball would be covered with neutron layer, and that thing means that every neutron would be in the same way with each other. The neutrons would touch other neutrons with the polar, and that would make possible to create the neutron ball, which has some extraordinary qualities. That means that the neutron ball could fly across the universe without external fuel because neutrons would push the ions across the outer layer of the ball, and that makes it the WARP-craft.

Nothing is stable than changes and advancing in the universe

Nothing is stable than changes and advancing in the universe

Nothing is stable at the universe and that thing consists of the universe itself. Even the universe itself is advancing all the time, and then that thing means that the universe itself is not lasting forever. Someday the last hydrogen atom is turned helium, and in that universe what would be existed in the billions of years in the future, the main element could be helium.

So when we are looking at the advancing of the universe from the beginning, it has started as the quark plasma. But then the quarks are starting to make contact together and form protons and neutrons, and this thing has caused that the universe has turned to the atomic universe.

That thing required decreasing the temperature, that the electrons could take their place in the cores, what are orbiting the protons and neutrons. After the temperature has been decreased enough, the atoms have started to make contact with another atom and formed the molecules. So this universe, where we are living can be called as that molecular universe. But then the temperature of the universe would continue decreasing, and that makes possible to forming super-large molecules.

The decreasing temperature along with increasing helium level causes that the form of material has turned to another. In that universe is also forming stars, but they are bigger, and they are fewer because those stars are burning helium in the fusion reaction. And the universe continues it's advancing and transformation because the stars are burning always the lightest elements. In the helium universe, the planets are looking at the same what we know, but they might form the same homogeneous elements, and that would turn them another type, that we ever can imagine.

After the helium universe, the advantage would turn to the carbon universe. In there the main elements in the space is carbon. There are lots of supernovas in that universe, and there are also only a few stars. Those stars are forming of the carbon, and other materials are forming the molecule balls. In that universe, the planets can turn to giant fullerene balls, and that would make them fascinating and different than we ever thought.

The thing in that universe is that it is very cold but gravity would win the expanding someday. The decreasing of temperature is causing because the size of the universe is getting larger, but there is the same amount of energy or electrons, which means that the density of energy is decreasing. And here we must remember, that gravity always wins, and then happens the big crush. Before the big crush is the moment, what we can call as the "big silence".

At this moment the universe is in its largest point, and then the particles would start to drop in the point where everything has begun. So when the density of the universe is growing, the temperature is rising, and the universe would start to repeating the sequences, what it went over during the expanding process. And this makes the universe so interesting and mysterious thing.

Image:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M101_hires_STScI-PRC2006-10a.jpg/1280px-M101_hires_STScI-PRC2006-10a.jpg

Giant fullerene molecule would be revolutionizing tool for lightweight submarines and spacecraft.

Picture I

Giant fullerene molecule would be revolutionizing tool for lightweight submarines and spacecraft. 

What if we could someday create the giant fullerene ball, what would have a layer, what thickness is only one atom? If this kind of fullerene molecule is someday able to create it would actually make possible to create the dive balls or spacecraft, what is consisting only one molecule. The problem is that how we could install the hatch on that ball because we don't have any experience about super thick materials, what are produced in this size.

But maybe someday it would be possible by using the method, what I will explain later. A fullerene ball is a magnificent tool and the thing, what makes it so special is that there are no limits for the length of the carbon atom chain. 

Normal fullerene molecule is consisting of about 60-70 carbon atoms, which are forming the ball-shaped molecule. On the internet are paragraphs of C-500 molecules, and maybe even bigger molecules have been made. But because there are no limits for the length of the carbon chain, there is a possibility to create extremely large carbon ball, and in theory, the size of the fullerene molecule could be even meters or kilometers.

If we would create the fullerene-ball, what diameter is about two or three meters, it would revolutionize the science and machine building. The problem in this scenario is that the number of carbon atoms might be the trillions, but maybe someday in the future, we might be able to create the carbon balls by using the ion technology.

In this scenario, the ion cannon would shoot the carbon ion and the magnetic field would stop it in a certain place. In fact, we could cover any form in the world by using ionized carbon. The structure what wanted to be covered would load with the opposite polarity of electricity than the carbon ions, and they would cover the entire layer very easily. 

But the thing is that we would want to make the hollow fullerene ball. That ball would be empty, and it would be one of the most revolutionary things, what history has ever seen. This structure wall would be only the layer of single atoms. If we would have the ball, what has the layer, what is so thick, that there is only one atom in that layer, we would create something awesome.

In fact, we don't have the experience to make that kind of graphene or fullerene balls. But if we would create this atom-thick layer, we would have extremely lightweight and at the same time hard material. There would be huge problems to benefit those structures because installing the hatches in that extreme think structure would be difficult. But if that thing would work, that atom-thick ball will revolutionize technology.

The Picture I: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Fullerene-C60.png

Could the short-term black hole cause the effect, what is called as dark matter?

Could the short-term black hole cause the effect, what is called as dark matter?

1. Is it possible that electromagnetic radiation forms the short-term black hole in the fullerene ball?

There is theory, that the nano-sized black holes are creating the dark matter. in this theory the electrons are hitting to the ball-shaped crystals or fullerene balls. And if there is gas inside those balls, the electrons would slow, causing the short term forming of a tiny black hole. That black hole would stay a stable only couple of nano-seconds. If that thing happens simultaneously the particle would act like stroboscope light.

There is an idea, that the fullerene-ball would be filled with gas, and when the high-power electricity would conduct to that structure, it would create a short-term black hole in the fullerene ball. And that would make possible to create an ultimate-stealth system, what is invisible in radar, infrared and even for the human eye.

2. Dark matter means material, which absorbs every kind of radiation.

Dark matter, or matter what absorbs all radiation would make things invisible in every kind of observation sensors. The dark matter is the term, which means invisible material and energy, which is the dominant thing in the Universe, and in fact, we cannot see that matter, what is mainly free electrons, what is not connected to the atoms.

But there is the thing, what people normally don't think when they are talking about the matter, what would not send radiation echo to the eye of the observer. There is a theoretical possibility to create material, what would absorb every radiation, and that thing is the crystal-shaped molecular structure, where is shot the electrons in the speed of light.

3. The idea is that the electron would across the speed of light in the short-term period because the object would not slow immediately when it hits to the thicker layer. 

When an electron hits to the atmosphere, it would turn to a black hole for the short period, because the speed of light is faster in the empty space than in the medium. The slowing of the electron would take a couple of nanoseconds, and in that time it would be a black hole, what is the size of the quark.

If the electron hits to that ball-shaped molecule in the speed of light, that electron would turn to small-size and short-term singularity, what will make the molecular structure able to absorb every type of radiation, what impacts to that layer. And in this case, the object would not able to see, by using radar or any other sensor. In theory, this kind of material is able to create in the laboratories just bombing the ball-shaped molecular structures by using electrons.

The thing could be the fullerene-layer, where is connected to the high-voltage electricity. and in the every carbon ball could be gas or some other matter, what makes those electrons slowing. That would cause the creation of the extreme small-size singularity, what would act like every other black hole, and deny the radiation echo from that layer.