The reason, why hydrogen bomb has so little fallout
The reason why this particular piece of nuclear technology causes so little radioactive fallout in the near of "ground zero" is that the rise of the fireball is so fast, that space, what is caused by the fast-rising piece of gas is pulling the dust and other material to the higher atmosphere with very high speed. The effect is similar to hover, the rise of the fireball just delivers the nuclear fallout to a very large area. And that means that the nuclear weapon itself is not so "clean". The "Tsar bomb" (1) was the "multi-stage" FFF (Fission Fusion Fission) weapon, where the fusion fuel was closed between the two layers of fissile material.
This means that in the explosive capsule is at least two layers of Uranium 238 or natural uranium, and when the primary shot or normal fission weapon sends the radiation burst to those layers, the Uranium starts to turn to Plutonium, and the fission would press the fusion material to gather very hard. This will increase the power of the unit. That kind of weapon is creating pollution very much, but the high temperature causes that those radioactive particles will fly to the upper atmosphere. And nuclear waste is the main reason, why those tests ended in the atmosphere.
The mystery of operation "Emery"
But after the ban of the atmospheric nuclear tests, the tests have made underground complexes. That means that pollution should not rise to the atmosphere. There have been made nuclear tests, where is happened accidents and mistakes. On December 18, 1970, something went wrong with "Operation Emery". Test "Baneberry"(2) caused huge radioactive fallout because that 10 kilotons nuclear warhead detonated too close of the surface. The depth of the shot was 950 feet (289.56 m)(3), and that was a little bit too close to the surface, and it was throwing the radioactive sand to the higher atmosphere. The cleaning that area took about 6 months, and there were questions, why the test team made that kind of mistake.
The nuclear device was dug too close of surface, and the question was should that test be contain something, what is called a miniature nuclear weapon, or portable nuclear weapon. But the warhead was a switch, and the result was a disaster. If the size of the weapon could be only one kiloton, that depth could be enough. So were their errors in the nuclear test team papers? Or was "Baneberry" some kind of X-ray laser test?
In those tests, the nuclear weapon is used to create a high-power laser ray, and in some cases, there is a hole in the ground at the position of that device. This hole is made because the laser-ray must get a free route to the atmosphere, and if the structure is made wrong, that can cause the radioactive leak. So was this cause the "Baneberry " waste? That case caused claims about the deliberating break of the contract, which denies the atmospheric nuclear test.
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Google: one foot to the metric system: 1 foot=0.3048 meter
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