Even the speed of the best systems has limits.

  

 Even the speed of the best systems has limits. 

The resources of quantum computers and human brains are enormous. But even the best system has limits. What is the limit of the speed of a quantum computer? Nobody yet knows what the abilities of quantum systems are. But the thing is that the abilities of the quantum systems have limits. 

Even the fastest systems have limits. And the speed of the system is not limitless. The thing that the quantum systems can reverse time has brought an idea to the mind of researchers or at least myself that maybe someday. Quantum computers can create a solution and then send them to the past. But today that reversal of time is extremely short. And that means we should wait for practical solutions for a while. 

If the quantum computer can operate through time. That means that it can increase its limit. That means that the new state of quantum computers could be the qubits where the time dilation is extreme. And that thing opens the new visions for quantum computing. 

Same way like our brains has limits. We might think that quantum computers can handle many kinds of problems. But somehow we are wrong. Without knowledge our brains are helpless. Knowledge is the data that the brains are using for creating simulations. That is called "imagination". 

The thing is that the quantum computer's power would increase faster than nobody knows. But the thing is that quantum computers would not reach the power of human brains very soon. The quantum computer might have 1000 states in the qubit. 

That means that the system can make 1000 operands at the same time. But then we must realize that human brains have 200 billion neurons with many more connections. 

So the number of the quantum states in human brains is a minimum of 200 billion if there is only one connection between neurons. That means the brain can cut data to 200 billion parts that the brain can process that data. So the stress of one neuron is quite low. The neurons are the resources of the human brain. And even if there are billions of neurons. There are limited resources in human brains. 

But how do the brains create imagination? The ability to think abstraction is the key to planning things. The thing is that the brains are making simulations. The dreams or virtual events and then they would start to make the changes to those simulations. That thing means the ability to think abstraction. And this ability is also called imagination. Thinking abstraction is the thing that makes human brains superior.  

The abstraction makes it possible that the person can make solutions without seeing things. The reason why holy men were in the caves is simple. They were safe in there. 

The same way the monks were in their chambers and the people who wanted answers just send the paper to them. When the people who are thinking about the solutions. Are safe. And some other people bring food to them. They must not stop the process. When regular people are thinking something. 

They need to turn those resources into other things when they are not in a controlled environment. When the person would go out. The resources that are used for abstraction should release to handle things like data that senses are transmitting to brains. If those resources are not released. The person can walk straight under the car if the brain resources are handling abstractions. But that means that the data that is not stored in long-term memory is lost. 

There are always breaks while the person travels to get something to eat. And on those trips, there is always something else to think about. Those people must stop thinking. But when the person is safe and there is nothing else to do than answer some questions. Those people would be more effective data handlers than somebody who is walking on the streets. 

If the human brains have only one thing to do they would be more effective in that case than brains that are making many things. In the cases, that person should visit shops and other kinds of places. There are needed connections of the brains. The thing is that those connections can do only one thing at a time. 

And that thing means. That the person must release the neurons for everyday jobs. That causes that person can forget solutions. This is the reason why the thinker must live a so-called boring life. Same way if the quantum computer will suddenly need some other thing. It loses all the data collected from the simulations. 

The base data is existing. But data processed through simulations is lost. When we are thinking of the loops. Where the computer surrounds data and there is no answer. The thing is that the supervisors would not know how long making the solution takes? 

The supervisors can stop that loop anytime when the system's resources are needed for some other purpose. But the fact is that operator cannot know would computer get the solution if the data would travel only one time in the loop. This thing means that the solution can be after one second. Or it can be after 1000 years. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/time-reverse-quantum-computer-science-study-moscow-a8820516.html

https://phys.org/news/2019-03-physicists-reverse-quantum.html

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

   

 About nuclear fusion: the Holy Grail of energy production.

Tokamak reactor

Nuclear fusion can turn to produce energy sooner than we expect. 

Nuclear fusion is a "Holy Grail" to energy production. But the problem is how to make the reactor create more energy than it uses for creating the fusion power. Energy can store in flashing Tokamak reactors to the batteries. And that helps to keep fusion under control. 

The flashing fusion reactors are things that are promising tools. A reaction would not happen all the time. When the reactor is producing energy. The system stores it in capacitors. The purpose of those capacitors is to stabilize energy delivery. To the main electric network. While there is a break in the energy production.

And the researchers will stabilize temperature. By removing the pressure. That means fusion doesn't happen all the time. That helps the system keep the temperature and energy production under control. The system can use two plasma beams the positive and negative ions will connect at a certain position. The ionized gases will pull each other together. And that makes it easier to create a fusion reactor. 

So this is one version of the fusion system. Tokamak reactors are the most promising tools for nuclear fusion.  In those reactors, the plasma can keep away from the walls of the donut-shaped magnetic accelerators. The ignition system aims for microwaves and laser rays to the plasma that orbits the donut-shaped reactor. A fusion reactor is like the artificial sun on Earth. 

But the problem is that the Sun's pressure must compensate by using higher temperatures. The temperature in Tokamak reactors is higher than in the nucleus of the Sun. 

The temperature of the plasma is billions of degrees. And if there is contact between plasma and the wall of the particle accelerator that causes the system will melt immediately. 

The extremely high-temperature plasma would start to rise. And that thing causes the pulling effect that is similar to nuclear explosions. The problem is that if the plasma in the fusion reactor will create too much energy. That destroys the reactor and power plant.  

High-temperature plasma has military solutions. 

The high-temperature plasma will be a devastating tool in the hands of the military. So this means that the same thing is used for developing high-energetic plasma in Tokamak. Can also use to create high-energetic plasma for plasmoid weapons.

The free-fusion bombs are the new type of theoretical fusion solution. They are simple crossing high-energetic ion and anion flows. The ignition of the fusion reaction happens by using the laser that aimed to cross point ignites fusion or creates the artificial sun in the atmosphere. 

Sometimes, fusion development is claimed as the cover-up for the plasmoid weapon development. The thing is that the crossing ion beams that are crossing at a certain point can turn to fusion weapons. In that case, positive and negative high-energy ions will cross at a certain point. Then the laser ray will ignite the fusion at that point. That thing requires only two tanks where are two gases. 

Atoms of the first gas will turn to ions. Another gas is turned into anions (negative ions). Those particles will pull each other together. After that then the laser ray will ignite the fusion. This type of system is called a "free-fusion bomb". The fusion is formed in the ion flow. 

https://interestingengineering.com/tokamak-energy-made-a-breakthrough-in-nuclear-fusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

Image: https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainstokamaks

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

 Nanotubes are not standing forever. But they are ultimate tools. 

The nanotubes are vulnerable to pulling. If the atoms that are creating nanotube would be separated. That thing will pull them away. The difference between carbon-based nanotubes and metal is that carbon nanotubes are not elastic. They can cut before previous damages. And that thing is one of the weaknesses of nanotubes. 

Every material has limits. And even nanotubes cannot stand forever. The thing is that stress and other things are causing the situation that sometimes even diamonds will break. The fact is nanotubes are strong and very useful materials for many purposes. They can use in modern photon-based computers for protecting laser rays for eavesdroppers. And in quantum computers, the qubit can travel through nanotubes that protect them against outcoming effects. 

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Image 1: "Rice University researchers determined several ways a nanotube experiences plastic failure, either through dislocation movement under 6% strain (here) or through shear band formation under 14% strain. Both mechanisms, seen in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, only activate under extreme conditions, so neither appears to be a significant factor in the fatigue of the nanotubes. Credit: Nitant Gupta/Yakobson Research Group" (https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/)

Image 2: "Rice University researchers determined several ways a nanotube experiences plastic failure, either through dislocation movement under 6% strain or in this animation through shear band formation under 14% strain. Both mechanisms, seen in kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, only activate under extreme conditions, so neither appears to be a significant factor in the fatigue of the nanotubes. Credit: Nitant Gupta/Yakobson Research Group" (https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/)

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The nanotubes can also protect things like scanning tunneling microscopes and a new type of laser microscopes. In those systems, the ion will hover in the nanotube. Or laser rays will just send through the nanotube and that thing protects the measurement system against non-controlled effects. When an extremely thin system scans the surface of the layer even one air molecule can cause errors for measurement. 

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If the scanning tunneling microscope uses superpositioned and entangled photons for scanning surfaces. That system sees even individual electrons. 

The accuracy of the scanning tunneling microscopes is so high. That they are seeing individual atoms. But the quantum entanglement would make those scanning tunneling microscopes more powerful than ever before. 

If the system uses superpositioned and entangled photons or electrons for scanning surfaces. That system sees even the individual electrons. 

But the superpositioned and entangled photons require extremely high controlled conditions. So the superposition can conduct through the nanotube that protects it from the outcoming effects. 

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Image 3: "An electron wavepacket is directed at a potential barrier. Note the dim spot on the right that represents tunneling electrons". (Wikipedia, Quantum tunneling)

The nanotubes can give more power to ion engines. 

Also, maybe someday nanotubes can use for creating rocket engines. That will use quantum tunneling for making faster exhaust gas. In those futuristic ion engines, the quantum tunneling makes it possible that the ions or electrons and protons can travel faster than in so-called regular rocket engines. 

If the ion engines ion flow will be covered by microwaves. That thing protects them to side coming electromagnetic radiation. The side coming radiation along with quantum fields are the thing that slows the particles. 

The quantum tunneling makes it possible that the speed of the particle is rising to a level that is higher than everywhere else. And nanotubes can use to create conditions. Where the particle's speed is so close to the speed of light. As possible.

Researchers can theoretically make the conditions where the speed of ions will rise higher than in normal space by creating the radio- or microwaves that travel to the direction where the exhausting particles are traveling. That electromagnetic field removes the quantum fields that are crossing the flight path of the outcoming particles.

https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

Images 1 and 2:https://scitechdaily.com/nanotube-fibers-stand-strong-but-for-how-long-under-stresses-and-strains/

Image3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

NASA and planetary defense

NASA and planetary defense

"NASA’s DART spacecraft is due to collide with the smaller body of the Didymos binary asteroid system in October 2022."

"ESA’s Hera mission will survey ‘Didymoon’ post-impact and assess how its orbit has been changed by the collision, to turn this one-off experiment into a workable planetary defense technique."

Credit: ESA–ScienceOffice.org"  (ScitechDaily/We Asked a NASA Expert: Is NASA Really Crashing a Spacecraft Into an Asteroid?)

NASA and planetary defense

NASA DART mission will impact the space probe to an asteroid in October 2022. Or more accurately saying, asteroid Didymos binary asteroid. One of the things that makes asteroid 65803 Didymos interesting is that the asteroid has its moon. And when the DART impacts the asteroid. ESA:s "Hera" probe will observe the debris from the surface asteroid's surface. That data is important for creating a defense against asteroids. 

The mission of that spacecraft is to research the possibility to turn asteroids away from their course without nuclear detonation. The thing is that the USA and other nations are spending billions on their defense budgets. 

But nobody has ever made anything against natural threats like small asteroids. There are billions of asteroids in the solar system. And the biggest extinctions on Earth are the reason for cosmic impacts. Most of those asteroids are small. Their size is about 10-200 meters. And they can come near Eath quite suddenly. 

The warning against those small asteroids would get maybe in a couple of days before impact. Those small asteroids cause local threats. 

We are lucky. The asteroid impact wiped out dinosaurs. And that open road to mammals and finally humans. But there are no confirmed large-scale asteroid impacts after the extinction of dinosaurs. 

There is some suspicion that ice ages began when asteroids impacted oceans. And then that impact caused nuclear winter. If an asteroid drops to sea that thing can cause that the level of sunlight on Earth will decrease. 

There are no confirmed asteroid impacts in city areas. If the impact of 200 meters asteroid would happen before spaceflights. There is nothing that could deny that thing. 

If that kind of asteroid drops to a city area the destruction is similar to a nuclear blast. Most of the asteroids would drop to seas causing tsunamis. The reason for that is. That most of our planet is covered by water. The possibility that the object from the solar system impacts some area is always the same. 

But the larger asteroids which size is more than a kilometer can cause more damage. If the large asteroid which size is about 15 kilometers comes on Earth. The system detects that object immediately. And then there is no way what we can do. There is the possibility to use nuclear detonators to turn objects away from their course. The nuclear detonator vaporizes the surface of that dwarf planet. But otherwise, people can sit and wait for the impact. 

Things like rogue planets are opening our eyes that there are also other kinds of threats than some small asteroids. The visit of Oumuamua is proven that the asteroids can come outside the solar system. 

And if the 100-1000 meters asteroid impacts another asteroid like Ceres that thing can act like a billiard ball. The Oumuamua-size (1000X250m) object can push another asteroid from its trajectories. 

Defense against small-size objects is quite easy. Shooting them with kinetic ammunition or just pushing them away by docking rocket engines to them is enough. But if those asteroids are falling on Earth there is always the possibility, that it drops to city areas. 

Maybe shooting it to pieces would seem very shocking. And maybe. Some satellites will break because of that debris. But in those cases, the destruction on Earth would be local but total. If people just sit and look at the incoming object that can destroy one city. If somebody shoots those objects they would turn smaller. And smaller pieces cause smaller destruction. 

But another thing is that large objects can cause global destruction. If things like 100 kilometers object are closing Earth. That means there is no shield. If an object which diameter is 1000 kilometers hits Earth we can say goodbye to the human race. 

https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera

https://www.heramission.space/

https://scitechdaily.com/we-asked-a-nasa-expert-is-nasa-really-crashing-a-spacecraft-into-an-asteroid-video/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65803_Didymos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/we-asked-a-nasa-expert-is-nasa-really-crashing-a-spacecraft-into-an-a

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

China has increased its ECM power near its borders.

 China has increased its ECM power near its borders.

China increased its ECM (Electronic Counter-Measure) systems at artificial islands near its borders. The fixed countermeasure stations can deny the use of most modern US weapons. But the more interesting things are details that the Chinese are kept away from people. China has developed many new weapon systems. And there is almost certainly the DEW (Directed Energy Weapons). 

The problem is that those EM stations are on-ground stations. And that means. There could be even a megawatt-class microwave or radio system in those stations. The powerful radio waves can cause the synthetic EMP-pulse that destroys the computers. 

The countermeasure stations can cut the communication links that are integrated ground, sea, and airborne troops in one entirety. Those communication links are playing a vital role in communication between satellites and US systems. If the communication between troops is not working the main tactics of the US are useless. 

That thing can cause at least problems for troops. But another thing is that. The real power of those systems depends on the power and type of those countermeasure systems. The high-power microwave and radio systems can even kill people if they are targeting their radiation to a certain point. Even the low-power electric arcs are dangerous. But high-power militarized systems are even worse.

Crossing high-power radiowaves can form destructive electric arcs which temperature is high enough to melt steel. If the system uses turning transmitting antennas. The crew can aim the electric arc exactly where operators want. 

And those systems are destructive also for other things than some computers. Electric arcs are easy to create by using crossing radio waves. Can start the fire, detonate ammunition and burn fuel storage. 

The high-power electric arc simply detonates targets by causing heat expansions. Thre is planned to use crossing radio waves as weapons. And if those radio waves are hitting humans that causes the shockwave in the body. The internal burn injuries might not be seen outside and they can also be deadly. But the powerful electric arc simply detonates the victim. 

The gound-based counter-measure systems can be very powerful. The power of those radio-and microwave systems can be even megawatts. And that means they can melt metals. This type of powerful electromagnetic system can destroy targets. The microwaves are hitting living cells can also cause the situation that liquids in cells are starting to vaporize. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

  

 Gravitational waves and beyond 

The impacts of black holes are extremely powerful things. They are the extreme cases in the reactions of the universe.

The gravitational waves are the thing that is opening the mystery of gravitation to researchers. A gravitational wave is the mysterious energy wave that travels in the universe. Things like black holes are sending gravitational waves. Especially in the cases when they collide. And, the same way neutron stars are sending those mysterious energy waves, the same way every object should send gravitational waves. 

While they are impacting each other. But those gravitational waves are so weak that they cannot detect. So the gravitational waves are caused by the energy that travels away from the gravitational center. But what happens when the extremely powerful energy impacts the material. That is surrounding black holes or other gravitational centers. 

The energy impact pushes material. But that thing also causes that the material turns over-energetic. Which causes energy flow to lower energetic areas. And it releases the energy quanta to the other particles. 

The energy impacts the particle. Then the over-energetic particle releases it forward. But why gravitational waves are visible only when the black holes are oscillating or impacting. 

There is the possibility that suddenly born black holes or colliding black holes are causing situations when the high power energy will impact the material and push it. And the same time there would be a low energetic area behind those particles that are involving the gravitational wave. And that thing pulls material backward. 

So that double-effect can cause the situation. Where those hypothetic gravitons are released from those particles. The thing is that if the gravitons are the source of the gravitation waves. That thing opens a new road to physics. 

There is an idea that the quantum-size black holes or gravitons are the thing that is making quarks form the material. And maybe there are no free gravitons in the universe. 

Maybe there is a graviton in or quantum-size black hole in the middle of protons and neutrons. And maybe we have a small black hole also in the middle of every planet. If this is the form of graviton we must realize that the existence of gravitons is extremely hard to prove. 

Could black holes send the radiation that has the same bandwidth with the diameter of singularity? 

The black holes can act like they are single particles. When black holes send some radiation. That radiation's source is in the wave movement. That surrounds the black hole or its event horizon. So it's possible that when the black holes are impacting. They are sending wave movement. That wavelength is the same as the diameter of the event horizon is. So those black holes are the "dark matter". 

There are no other particles that can receive that kind of radiation. Of course, the black holes are sending also other types of radiation. But there is the possibility that the black holes are also sending other radiation types than X- and gamma rays. And if it sends the radiation which wavelength is the same as the diameter of its singularity. That thing makes it possible to create an antenna that could receive that radiation. The thing is that this thing requires an antenna which diameter is the same as the singularity of some black hole.

So is gravitation pushing or pulling force?

When gravitation pulls particles to the center of the gravitation that thing causes that the other particles and wave movement are traveling to the gravitational center. But the thing is that energy travels always to lower energetic areas. So the low energetic area that causes that wave movement is starting to fill it. 

And that wave movement will pull the larger objects to the lower energetic pit. So which is the way how gravitation interacts?

The thing is that. For making the same phenomenon as gravitation. Can theoretically create by using the energy flow that is traveling the same way. So theoretically, the creation of virtual gravitation is an "easy thing". The requirement is that engineers create lower energy areas in the space. The lower energetic area is called the "energy pit". The energy pit above the object causes that energy starts to flow to it.

Gravitation as pushing force

[Energy]>>(Object)>>[Energy pit]<<(Object)<<[Energy]. 

Gravitation as pulling force

[Object]>>[Gravitation]>>[Gravitational center]<<[Gravitation]<<[Object]

[Energy quanta]<<[Electron core]<<[Nucleus of Atom]<<(Source of the gravitational waves)<<[energy pit]

Symbols;

<<<=Energy flow

The gravitation wave

When the energy hits the material it releases the extra energy in the form of energy quanta. Energy quant is like the bite of wave movement. The collision of black holes causes that from the center of gravitation also sends other types of radiation like gamma- or x-rays. 

The thing is that when the energy impacts the material it moves more than otherwise. And there might be forming the energy pit behind the particles. The thing is that if the material is turning over-energetic and at the same time it drops to the energy pit it sends more radiation than usually. 

In the case that something pulls electron layers backward. They are affecting like they are chancing trajectories. When an electron is dropping to the inner trajectory it sends the photon or energy quanta. So actually, the material is transmitting energy from the nucleus of the atom. 

Gravitational waves are proven that the gravitation is wave movement. But what kind of wave movement? That is the question. 

There is a theory that gravitation is the force that is transmitted hypothetical graviton particle. The graviton is pulling the string between gravitational objects. 

And all single object in the universe has a gravitational field. So the reason why the gravitation center pulls objects is that the time-space is turning shorter around the gravitational center. 

The thing is that describing curvature space-time is so difficult is that the curvature of space-time always happens in 3D space. This is the reason why rubber layers and steel balls are not things. That describes the curvature of spacetime perfectly. So in the points of the gravitation waves, the universe or space-time is turning shorter. 

So the reason for gravitational interaction is that the space is shorter around the gravitational center. In the first form, gravitational "bridge" or space turns shorter than everywhere else. And gravitons are starting to travel between the particles. 

Or in some other theories, gravitons are quantum-size black holes that are sending some kind of radiation. There could be an energy vacuum near that radiation string when that wave movement pushes quantum fields away from it. That means those energy pillars are starting to pull particles to each other. 

Does the gravitation wave travel front or behind the photons released from the collision of black holes?

An interesting thing is: does the extremely powerful reaction cause that the gravitation wave comes just after photons? Or does it travel ahead of photons? In both cases, the gravitation wave can travel with the speed of light. 

In this case, the photons push wave movement ahead of them to the waves. There is also the possibility that some particles that are coming from the center of the gravitation waves are traveling in energy bubbles or warp bubbles. In that case, the extremely high energy load is creating the warp bubble around them. 

When the energy load from the nucleus of the gravitation wave travels through to space. The thing that forms this wave is when the extremely powerful energy load impacts the material. It sends the light quanta. Extreme energy load can cause that there is a so-called energy pit behind those particles that makes those particles lower energetic than all other particles. Then the energy starts to fill those pits causing similar waves with the stones that drop in the water. 

https://www.space.com/how-do-gravitational-waves-work

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

The use of AI requires data security.

 The use of AI requires data security.

In the beginning, I must say that modern malicious software is searching data. It opens back gates to the system. And then that sends data to the third party. Another thing is that in most security scenarios the destructive viruses are used to open roads to the data breakers. Those people can try to slip non-secured components into the system. 

This component can send the entire data to the attacker's system. It is not the same does the computer virus infects the server or the workstation. If the computer shuts down sometimes. That clears the virus from the RAM. Servers are vulnerable because if RAM-virus infects them it would not be removed from RAM-memory until the next boot. Servers are also involving most of the data. 

That is stored in the system. So that means if the spy tool is infecting the server. That requires that the operators must change passwords and other access keys to the system. Computer viruses are always advancing and hackers are always finding new weak points of the system. They might take things like routers of the system to target. And double the entire data flow of the system. Then they can route the other data flow to their servers. 

If we are thinking of the form of the AI. That is "only" a database where is stored the solutions for a certain type of problem. Or actually, those databases involve information that the system uses to respond to a certain type of data. The data that travels in the system activates a certain database. And then the AI can solve problems. 

Machine learning means that the computer can automatically grow the data mass. And make connections between databases. The automatically learning machines can also call "open systems". The "closed" or "fixed systems" require that the operators are involving the solution. And the fixed system doesn't grow the data mass or connections between databases without operators. 

Anyway, without those databases the AI is helpless. If the computer viruses hit those databases. The system would turn useless. This means that also the AI requires virus scanners against data viruses. The data viruses are normally detected when they attempt to write themselves to hard disks. 

But there are also RAM viruses that are remaining in RAM. Those viruses are hard to detect. The virus doesn't write its code to hard disks. So the virus scanners are not able to see that thing. 

This is why they are called Stealth-viruses. But also the regular computer viruses require to download their code to the RAM-memory of the computer. Regular computer viruses are normally acting always the same way. They are involving virus code. 

The virus writers normally pack that malicious code in the form of EXE or COM-file that is only renamed for looking like an innocent file. 

The next type of virus is easy to deny. The write protection of Autoexec was enough. And the new operating systems didn't include that file. so making this kind of virus was suitable only in Windows 9X.

Then the program that is some kind of macro as an example the BAT file just replaces the last line in the "Autoexec.Bat"  by the command line that renames the virus file ("virus" to Virus.exe). Replacement of autoexec.bat happened by simply deleting Autoexec and replacing it with the macro that is renamed to Autoexec.Bat. And then it will activate the virus at the next boot session. Or sometimes there was only a command what deletes the system files. 

Modern virus scanners are scanning also the code what the files involved. And if there is some kind of virus code. The firewall and anti-virus program sends the information of that virus to the network control. And that might close even the internet connection of the systems. Also denying the echoing commands and auto-driving programs can protect computers against viruses. 

But computer viruses still exist. Modern malicious code is meant to steal information. They are more complicated than some viruses of the '90s. Those new viruses are also destroying only things like databases. And they can cause more damages than some virus that destroys the entire data system. If only the databases are destroyed. And the system is not used very often. That thing can cause a "nasty surprise" for people who should use the system. 

https://nexthop.ca/it-news/common-types-of-computer-viruses/

https://www.pandasecurity.com/en/mediacenter/security/4-steps-avoid-viruses/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUTOEXEC.BAT

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus

Image: https://www.pandasecurity.com/en/mediacenter/security/4-steps-avoid-viruses/

Where is "Planet 9"?

   

 Where is "Planet 9"?

Planet Neptune

The mystery of Planet X or Planet 9 is an interesting thing. There is something that causes errors in the trajectory of planet Neptune. And that thing is predicted to be an unknown planet. The thing that makes this planet so mysterious is that it hasn't been detected yet. 

There is the possibility that the temperature of the surface of that planet is about 3 Kelvin which means it hides in the cosmic background. But as you see that mysterious planet is theory. 

There is also another explanation about the error of the trajectory of planet Neptune. That theory goes like this: a gravitational effect of Alpha Centauri, Proxima Centauri, and Luhman-16 systems is causing that error. But that gravitational effect should affect also Oort clouds. Sometimes the group of small asteroids at the Kuiper Belt has explained the source of the mysterious errors in the trajectory of Neptune. 

So what causes those famous. And also unknown errors to the trajectory of Neptune? Is it some kind of energy burst? And does that thing have some kind of connection with Neptune's "Dark spots"? 

The thing is that that the source of the mysterious gravitational effect is unknown. Researchers are offered The grapefruit-size black hole and dark matter clouds for the thing that is causing the error in the trajectory of Neptune. The problem with those explanations is. That this kind of gravitational effect should cause the atmosphere of that planet. 

Sometimes there is suspicion that the wormhole is causing the energy effect that causes the mysterious error in trajectory. When the object is near zero kelvin degrees the methane can close the helium in it like minerals are closing water in them. 

When the wormhole travels through the object it will expand helium and destroy the crystals that are closing the helium in them. The energy of the wormhole would start to boil helium. And that starts the mysterious geyser burst at extremely low pressure and gravitation. But nobody has proven the existence of wormholes yet.

The thing is that planet 9 is sometimes searched very intensively. And the last time was when astronomers found the planet Proxima B near Proxima Centauri. There is made billions of profiles about that mysterious effect. "Planet 9" is predicted to be a very old rocky planet where is no volcanic activity. That means it could be the rogue planet formed somewhere else in the universe. Maybe the nova or supernova explosion has pushed that object away from its star. But the only thing that is confirmed is the mysterious gravitational effect in the trajectory of Neptune. 

https://astronomy.com/news/2020/07/is-planet-nine-a-black-hole-or-a-planet-harvard-scientists-suggest-a-way-to-find-out

https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-researchers-find-evidence-real-ninth-planet-49523

https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/hubble-confirms-new-dark-spot-on-neptune/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/planet-9-may-be-closer-and-easier-to-find-than-thought-if-it-exists

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/11/science/astronomy-planet-nine-black-hole.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/22/science/neptune-dark-spot.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

Image: https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/hubble-confirms-new-dark-spot-on-neptune/

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

Research tangled quantum memory for 50 kilometers. And that makes it possible to create safe WiFi between systems.

 Research tangled quantum memory for 50 kilometers. And that makes it possible to create safe WiFi between systems. 

This thing is a breakthrough for making new quantum networks that are extremely safe. Extremely safe quantum networks allow the creation of the WLAN that benefits the abilities of the quantum computer. That thing allows sending data through the air by using qubits. 

And that allows connecting quantum computers without binary layers. The thing is that the connected quantum computers are the single quantum system. And the bottleneck is how to introduce processed data.

But the quantum entanglement can also transmit data in binary mode. There might be two lines of quantum entanglement. When Line 1 is in use the value in the system is 0. And line 2 means the value of the bit in the system is 1. That means the quantum entanglement can offer secured data transmission in the binary network. 

The thing that makes quantum entanglement safe against eavesdropping is that the superpositioned and entangled particles are hard to see from the sides. That means the eavesdropper must cut the quantum entanglement. And that causes a cut in the data line. If eavesdropping has been detected the access codes to the system can be changed. 

This kind of thing can make by using regular electric wires or laser rays. But the detection of hacking is based the error detection. If those lines are cut there is an error in the data flow. Also if somebody conducts the electricity away from the wire or laser ray, that causes that the signal will turn weaker than it should be. 

The system requires four connections for error handling. Detection of errors can be made by using two data handling lines. If the data that travels through those lines is similar. That means there are no errors. If there is a difference something affects the network. 

When people are talking about secured data transmission. They always forget to mention that two things can danger data. The destruction of data can happen on purpose. Or the destruction of the data can happen by accident. It's the same for the system what is the reason why the data is lost. The lost data means that everything must be driven to the system again. Of course, there is some kind of security dimensions. 

But the fact is always the same. Every lost data must drive back to the system without depending on the reason why the data is lost. A broken hard disk or computer virus is both making the system useless. There is of course possible to eavesdrop on the quantum-based binary WiFi. 

But those kinds of actions can be seen when the quantum entanglement, is cut. And there are differences between data masses that are sent by using that kind of system. The data must use two lines and four connections. If the data is similar in both lines. That means there is nobody who has tried to see data. 

https://www.scientiststudy.com/2020/02/new-record-researchers-have-tangled.html?m=1

Image:https://www.scientiststudy.com/2020/02/new-record-researchers-have-tangled.html?m=1

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

 The new nanotechnology needs miniaturized microelectronics. 

The bottleneck in the interaction with nanomachines and quantum computers is the interface. Computer keyboards and screens are using binary systems. And that means the development of binary systems is also continuing. Artificial intelligence is the best tool for controlling nanomachine swarms. 

But those systems require powerful computers. And another thing is that the nanomachines are also required internal and well-protected computers. Screens and keyboards are needed to send commands to nanomachines through the quantum system. 

Development of the new quantum systems is not enough. If we want to use quantum computers things like screens and keyboards are the bottleneck for interaction between quantum computers and humans. When we are developing new quantum systems we must load information to the quantum systems. And for that kind of duties is needed to develop more and more powerful binary computers. 

The quantum systems are large-size and if we want to use them to control things like nanomachines. We must realize that the nanomachine can use WiFi to communicate with the quantum systems. But the data that the nanomachine sends and receives must decode to the quantum system. 

The quantum computer can interact with nanorobots by using the internet. But the problem is that those systems use so different architecture that there must be decoders and coders between nanomachine and quantum systems. Also if we are thinking of things like submarines that can swim in our blood vessels those systems require control software and so small computers that they are fitting in the small body. 

Intelligent technology means that the system requires less energy in the physical mechanics. But otherwise, if we want to make the intelligent parts in microchips. Controlling that kind of system requires more powerful computers inside the machine than the dummy technology. But the problem is that the power source of those systems must be extremely small. 

Or electricity must transfer to those miniaturized systems by using radio waves. The antenna would induct that energy into the systems of the miniature robots. But the problem with miniaturized computers can overheat. 

Another version is to use the miniaturized quantum-radio system. Which is using superpositioned sand entangled particles to control the "radios" that are used to aim the submarine or some other nanorobot. 

The superpositioned and entangled particles are also protecting data from turbulence. If there are some unpredicted errors the nanomachine loses its accuracy. Those nanomachines are the next-generation tools for the surgeon and they can open vessels in the human body. 

When the quantum entanglement hits to receiver it inducts power into it. The use of quantum entanglement guarantees high accuracy in data transportation. Also, energy is always at the right level. If the energy level is too high, that means the nanocomputer will overheat. 

https://newatlas.com/physics/new-distance-record-quantum-entanglement-light-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/fundamental-discovery-used-to-turn-nanotube-into-tiny-transistor-25000x-smaller-than-width-of-a-human-hair/

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionary-new-intelligent-transistor-developed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanosubmarine

Image:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2135779.stm

Terrifying visions of genetic engineering.

 Terrifying visions of genetic engineering. 

The modern Hounds of Baskerville

ABW:s (Advanced biological weapons are the modern Hounds of Baskerville. The term ABV means the animal which is genetically engineered. And which is controlled by using some interactive electronic systems. There is a possibility to connect the action camera to dogs collars. And transmit commands to that animal by using electronic systems. Spoken words can use to the commands. 

Or they can be a series of sounds that are stored in the sound files. When the operator activates a certain file that sound means a certain command to the animals. There is the possibility to automatize some commands by connecting the system to the image recognition tool. When the action camera sees something that is stored in the memory of the computer. That system sends the coded order to the animal. 

Nanotechnology and genetic engineering are the most lethal combination in the world. The ABW:s (Advanced Biological Weapons) are the genetically manipulated organisms that are controlled by using microchips. There is the possibility that this kind of weapon can slip protection quite easily. Nanotechnology allows creating the hybrids of the vegetables and things like bacteria and basils. Also, primitive animals like roundworms are weaponized. 

There is possible that inside those primitive organisms would put the microchip. That is used to drive them inside the victim's body. Then the virus connects the genome that products ricin in the vegetables to the organism. In the same way, the destruction of the membrane of those manipulated organisms can start by using genome transportation. When that organism dies the ricin will release to the stomach or in veins. 

When we are thinking possibility to connect genomes between species. There is the possibility to create things like wasps. That is creating black widow spider poison. In those cases, the microchip-controlled wasp can be the thing that can introduce in horror movies. The genetic transfer or genome "therapy" can turn harmless animals into extremely dangerous. 

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_2001_Honey_bee_fitted_with_a_sensor.jpg

The artificial DNA can use as the "genomes" of the "Von Neumann machine".

 The artificial DNA can use as the "genomes" of the "Von Neumann machine". 

The term "artificial DNA" means simply the chemical computer program or program where data is stored in the chemical form. The artificial DNA is only the chain of ions. So it means it's not similar to human DNA. It's quite easy to create artificial DNA.  

When we think about the computer program that involves data how the Von Neumann machine will make copies of itself. The data that the system requires in this kind of process can be stored in the punched tape. The microfilm can use for that mission. The system can read the microfilm by using the photovoltaic cells. 

When the frame will let the light go through the value is one. And when the light will not go through the frame the value would be zero. This kind of system can use store data on how to boot the system.  Or how to make copies of the robot. 

The idea of this kind of ROM (Read Only Memory) has been introduced to use in the computers of the interstellar spacecraft. The physical or chemical program code would make sure that the supercomputer of the spacecraft can boot itself if there are some problems. 

The physical or chemical computer code can be like the genome of the artificial organism.

And the quantum computer can be the brains of that machine. The other binary computers require for transmitting data from sensors to that system. And also the binary computers interact with quantum computers and other systems.

The artificial DNA would be the row of positive and negative ions. Then the magnets are pulling those ions to the sensors. The positive ion could be zero and anion (negative ion) can be one. So that means data can be stored in the binary form in that simple ion chain. 

This kind of chemical computer program can be used as data storage that uses binary data form. In cases that this kind of computer program involves the instructions on how the self-replicating robot or Von Neumann machine creates its copy. That kind of system doesn't need any kind of quantum computer. 

The quantum computer is like the brains of the artificial- self-replicating organism. And the chemical computer program is like the genomes of the organism. 

The idea of the silicon-based lifeforms is basing the idea that a similar molecule with DNA can control the growth of the crystals. Those lifeforms would be the "crystal flower" rather than any moving organisms. So the silicon-based lifeform can mean crystals and auto replicating molecules. That means those "lifeforms" are living because they can replicate themselves and produce descendants. But those DNA-controlled crystals cannot move. And that means there is not probably any kind of moving animals on that hypothetical planets. 

That kind of theoretical DNA controlled crystal has given an idea of the artificial organism which can use a chemical computer program or artificial DNA as the ROM (Read Only Memory). And the RAM which is similar to our thinking process would base the electronic computer. In that case, the chemical computer program or "artificial DNA" is the thing that controls the self-replication of the machine. 

The Von Neumann machine can use artificial DNA as its ROM memory. In that chemical memory would store the instructions for making the copy of the machine. The artificial DNA would be in the same role. That the genomes are playing in living organisms. 

Machine learning would help that self-replicating machine to analyze what it can make better. And then it can make changes in its chemical computer program that plays a similar role with our genomes. That means the self-replication orders of that machine would store in the chemical memory. 

Image: Pinterest

Peto's paradox: why whales don't get cancer?

 Peto's paradox: why whales don't get cancer?

There is introduced an idea in the Cosmos Magazine. That the rapidly evolving genes cause that whales can't get cancer. But also water is protecting them against UV and other electromagnetic radiation as well as alpha and beta radiation. So maybe lack of natural EM- radiation causes that whales don't get cancer.

Whales are enormous animals. They live a long life. Also, whales carry lots of fat. And the new thing that makes those great animals interesting is that whales have no genetic mutations. 

And they don't have cancer. The genomes of the whales have less mutated than other animals. So what is the thing that makes whales so wealthy if we are thinking about cancer? 

One of the things that can save whales from cancer is that water protects them the natural radiation. Water absorbs radioactive radiation better than air. And good senses may be protected whales also against poisons like carcinogens. There is a possibility that the poisons like PCB and some carcinogens are making fish so bad smelling that whales can avoid them. 

And water is protecting them against UV radiation. But the genomes that are protecting whales against cancer are also mapped. If we are thinking about the cure for cancer theoretically is possible to create vaccines. Those are protecting us against the changes of the cells. But without knowledge of the forming of cancer is impossible to search for the changes in the protein layer. 

Those membrane proteins of the cells are the thing that the immune system uses for finding those cells. But making that kind of vision is a very challenging thing. The thing is that when the cell is turning into a cancer cell. There must be some changes also in its surface proteins. The reason is that. When the DNA of the cell is damaged. It cannot control the production of the surface molecules of the cells. 

That damage in genomes has an effect on other things than just the ability to die or split. The DNA controls every single action in the cells. The core proteins of the cells are extremely complicated. And if there are damages in the DNA. That causes changes also in the structures of the proteins of the cells. Those anomalies can use to track and destroy cancer cells by benefiting own immune cells of the people. 

https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/why-dont-whales-get-cancer/

https://scitechdaily.com/petos-paradox-biological-enigma-offers-new-insights-into-the-mystery-of-cancer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peto%27s_paradox

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/worlds-largest-whales-eat-3x-more-than-previously-thought-amplifying-their-role-as-global-ecosystem-engineers/

Are the flashes of hyper-energetic lightning the thing that causes X-ray emission in the atmosphere of Uranus?

   

 Are the flashes of hyper-energetic lightning the thing that causes X-ray emission in the atmosphere of Uranus?

Image: "A composite image of the planet Uranus shows 2002 X-ray emission in pinkish purple. (Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXO/University College London/W. Dunn et al; Optical: W.M. Keck Observatory)"

(https://www.space.com/uranus-emitting-x-rays-chandra-observations)

The forming of the X-ray emission in the Uranus can explain by impacting the high energetic particles. So we might ask, is the same thing that causes X-ray emission in the high atmosphere of Uranus the thing that causes the formation of the acetylene in its atmosphere?

Flashes of lightning can be the reason why there is an X-ray emission of the atmosphere of Uranus. So the theory of the source of those X-ray flashes goes like this: 

There are two types of fashes of lightning in the atmosphere of planet Uranus.

1) The first type of flashes of lightning form in the high atmosphere when the high-energy particles are hitting the atmosphere of planet Uranus. 

2) The second type of flashes of lightning is formed by the friction of icy particles in the atmosphere of planet Uranus. That kind of lightning is almost similar to flashes of lightning on Earth. 

The flashes of lightning are forming ions, anions, and free electrons. Those things are impacting high-energy particles that are coming from outer space. Then those impacting particles are causing the X-ray flashes in the atmosphere of Uranus. 

But the thing is that those flashes of lightning in the Uranus atmosphere are more high energy than flashes of lightning are on Earth. The temperature is rising higher than on the atmosphere on Earth. And the flashes of lightning are ionizing gas in the atmosphere. 

So the ionized gas is like helium plus ions which are alpha rays. Along with protons or hydrogen ions are impacting with the electrons and anions that are in the atmosphere of Uranus and the cosmic radiation be the source of the X-ray emission in the atmosphere of Uranus. When those particles are hitting together they are sending X-rays. 

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The electrostatic conditions in the atmosphere of Uranus are different than on Earth. 

Along with the temperature that is 53 degrees kelvin, that thing causes effects that are different than on Earth. The lightning hits at the same time with the superconducting materials and materials where is resistance. 

The electron flow can travel from the high atmosphere through all gas mass to the surface of Uranus. And the source of the flashes of lightning can be the high-energy particles that cause the X-ray emission at the higher atmosphere of the Uranus.

So could the flashes of lightning of Uranus be the sources of the X-ray emission of that planet? There are two types of lightning in the atmosphere of that planet. The other flashes are forming when the high-energy particles are impacting the high atmosphere of that planet. The other flashes of lightning are forming inside the atmosphere when icy particles are hitting each other. 

The friction of the icy particles is causing static electricity. That static electricity ionizes the atmosphere to superconducting ions. Then the source of the X-ray flashes could be. That that lightning or ionized gas impacts with high-energetic particles that are coming from the space. 

The mystery of Uranus is why there is carbon monoxide, ethane. And acetylene (C2H2), and more complicated molecules in the atmosphere of Uranus? Things like carbon monoxide are normally formed when carbon is connecting with oxygen. The temperature of the atmosphere of the planet Uranus is 53 degrees kelvin. And that means it's 53 degrees over absolute zero. An extremely low temperature means that the chemical reaction on planet Uranus is extremely slow. The chemical formation of the atmosphere of that planet is different than Earth. 

It consists mainly of helium and hydrogen. So what forms those gases in its atmosphere. There is the possibility that some comets are bringing them to Uranus. Another source of those molecules can be that the flashes of lightning in the atmosphere of that planet causes chemical reactions that are unknown on Earth. The metals and many other materials are in superconducting in such low temperatures. When a flash of lightning hits the extremely cold gas. 

https://earthsky.org/space/x-rays-detected-from-uranus-chandra-x-ray-observatory/

https://www.livescience.com/uranus-x-ray-radiation-detected.html 

https://www.space.com/uranus-emitting-x-rays-chandra-observations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

Image: https://www.space.com/uranus-emitting-x-rays-chandra-observations

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Water is not similar everywhere.

   

 Water is not similar everywhere. 

The water on Mars is not in the form that it is on Earth, say NASA scientists. The thing is that there are many forms of water in the universe what is different than we know that liquid. There are deep oceans on the icy moons like Ganymede and Europa. 

Those oceans on single icy moons are involving more water than on Earth. The icy moons like Enceladus have icy geysers. And that makes them interesting places. There is the possibility that some tiny, primitive organisms are living in those oceans. They might get their energy from the volcanic temperature that is created by the tidal forces of the giant gas planets. 

But the thing is that those oceans are different than oceans on Earth. The tidal waves are keeping those oceans liquid. And the thing is that the gravitation on those moons is weaker than on Earth. So the pressure in those oceans is lower. 

And that makes water more moving than it moves on Earth. The distance of water molecules in those oceans is higher. That means fiction is lower than it's on the Earth. So water moves more easily and the effect of tidal forces is higher than it's on the Earth 

When we are thinking water, we mean the chemical combination called H2O. But the form of the H20 can be very different than we ever imagine. Oxygen and hydrogen can be connected to other atoms and stored in molecules in stones. So the thing is that. Those gasses can locate on planets. Even there is no water or even atmosphere.  The thing is that planet can be full of water. And it can seem dry. In those cases, water can be connected to minerals. 

In some cases, water can easily separate from minerals simply by heating it. One of the minerals that seem dry but heat is releasing water vapor is copper sulfate. And on many other planets, the atmosphere can be so hot. That there are no water drops. That means the atmosphere can be full of vaporized water. But it cannot touch the surface of that planet. 

Also, the friction of the high-speed winds of the atmosphere of gas planets can keep water in vaporized form. Or the wind is breaking the ice so small bites that they are flowing at atmosphere which temperature is only a couple of kelvin. That kind of "smoke ice" (small particle ice) is found in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune. So the form of the water in other planets can be far away from what is on Earth. Also, the deep oceans of some planets can involve water. 

That pressed to solid form. Extreme pressure can form a thing called "hot ice". In those cases, pressure is the thing that denies the movement of the water molecules. That kind of situation can be on hot planets. And there is water that is far different than water is on our planet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/we-asked-a-nasa-scientist-is-there-water-on-mars-video/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

 What mean that AI understand?

Understanding is the answer to the question "why"? So that means that we should know how to make something. And then we should know why we should do things exactly some way. 

When we are turning our car to somewhere. We must follow certain rules. But then we must realize that those rules are made. That also other people who are outside our vehicle know what we are going to do. 

When we are researching AI we are facing the question. Does the computer understand things what it does? The thing is that understanding is something that even humans don't understand. When somebody asks "do you understand what material is"? 

Everybody can say. That material is consisting things like protons, neutrons, and quarks. Some person who has read a little bit more about the material. Can say that there are subatomic particles like quarks inside protons and neutrons. So that person is mainly right. Most of the mass of the atom is in protons and neutrons. But the contact layer of the atoms is in the electron core. 

The most out electron cores are in the main role in chemical reactions. But most of the atom is inside the electron cores. And that means the person who is saying that material is forming of protons and neutrons is same way wrong. The fact is that even 8 years child can tell about things like electron cores and quantum interactions if that person has some book about those things. The thing that is needed is the skill of reading. And then we have the person who knows everything. 

But then that answer of the electrons and protons can be wrong. The material can be written text that should publish on the net. So when we are asking about the material we should describe what that thing means today. The material can be protons or neutrons. But it can be something virtual like data that is collected from somewhere. 

Knowledge is:

How the actor does something? 

And understanding is:

Why the actor does something?

And if we are thinking about understanding it's simply putting data units one after one. The data unit is like a frame in the film. And they can connect to the endless film. That film can show some certain processes very accurately, but we know that projector doesn't know anything about things that it introduces. 

So if we have artificial intelligence that can read it can read every single article from the databases. We can use keywords and then the AI is searching an article. That connected to those keywords. Then the AI can read those articles to us. Of course, there can be some kind of parameters that the AI can use. Those parameters can be how many times a certain word is repeated in the texts. That thing helps to filter the searches. 

So what makes artificial intelligence maximize the number of clicks is filling your homepage with swear words and highlighting those words. It will bring in clicks. But perhaps the publicity of such a website would bring all sorts of sales to online stores

The thing is that when the AI creates some articles it can simply find texts. And then it can connect the parts of those texts. When the AI helps the writer to make more addictive texts. It can search things like what kind of words are the most clicked homepages include. It can use things like internet search indexes and find out what are the first words of the most clicked homepages. 

This is how the AI makes sure that is the homepage or text is interesting. That is written on the net will get the maximum number of clicks. And the clicks are the thing that is used indexing the interest of the text or homepages. For AI the maximum number of clicks is that people are interested in things. Those are published on the homepages. And we know that this is not true. The clicking of some homepage doesn't mean that somebody cares what there read. 

We can click on millions of homepages and spend about a second on those pages. So to make real analyzes of the information about interesting websites, artificial intelligence needs more information. It requires information on how many minutes or seconds each person will spend on this website. In the case of online shopping, the measurement of interest can be measured using the number of sales transactions as an index. When someone buys something. It is an expression of interest.

But when we are going to think about the understanding. We don't know does the AI knows anything. About the things that it does. The thing is that understanding is an interesting thing. It should be a simple thing to explain. But it's really hard to understand. 

Why cold spots are forming in the cosmic microwave background? ( The cold areas in the cosmic microwave background are a mystery Part II)

 

Why cold spots are forming in the cosmic microwave background? ( The cold areas in the cosmic microwave background are a mystery Part II)

There is a couple of theories. That could explain the cold areas in the WMAP image above this text. That theory is that the so-called cannibal effect of dark matter is causing those cold areas. That means that the energy flow between the dark and visible material adjusts the size of some subatomic particles in that area and turns the material invisible.

In some other theory, the particle flow that came outside the universe could cause this kind of effect. If those particles hit those areas came outside the universe. This means that their speed would be slowing. The speed of light is always on the top. But outside the universe, the photons travel faster than in the universe. 

And the same thing is happening with all other particles. So when the particles are hitting the universe. They are releasing their energy in the wave movement. This wave movement can push the particles and wave movement out from the areas where they hit. That wave movement is forming when a particle slows its speed to the level of the speed of light in the universe. A similar effect is seen in nuclear reactors. And it's called Cherenkov radiation. 

But forming those empty or cold areas requires an enormous energy impact. The thing is that the reason for those cold holes could be also the eruption that happens after the Big Bang. The thing is that the particles that hit those points and cause the forming of the cold areas must travel faster than the core material of the universe is traveling. 

There could be black holes outside the universe. If they formed of dark matter. 

So at this point, I must say that sometimes I have thought that could the reason for the cold areas of the cosmic microwave background some kind of wormhole. When the wormhole forms it travels like two black holes in the universe until the ends of that thing are impacting. 

During that journey, the ends of the wormholes could act like the normal black holes and "eat material away from their journey. So is there some kind of black hole in the point where the Big Bang happened? And could there be other universes where is similar black holes? 

The thing is that some black holes might be formed just after the Big Bang. And part of the material dropped back to the point of the Big Bang and formed the giant black hole. The black hole is the only known object that can form by dark matter or visible material. So there can theoretically be black holes outside the universe if they are formed of dark matter. 

A couple of things. About the speed of light and Einstein's Theory of special relativity. 

In a normal universe, nothing can cross the speed of light or the speed of the photon. Inside the universe, the speed of light is the cosmic speed limit except in the black holes. The thing is that outside the material. Of the universe, nothing can limit the speed of light. So if we would travel outside the ball that we call the universe, we could travel faster than light travels inside our universe. 

The question is: where we could travel we if there are no other universes? The thing is that the existence of another universe is not enough that we could even see that thing. Another universe must be forming of the similar material that creates our universe. So there might be multiple other universes that are formed of dark matter. And the thing is that dark matter could form universes.

And the existence of the universe doesn't mean that there is a single planet or star inside it. Another universe could be the cloud of dark matter. But the fact is that nobody knows does dark matter forms planets and stars. So let's go back to the cold areas in the cosmic microwave background. The thing is that if some dark universe has caused those areas. That means that the material should be seen by using some telescopes. 

Or maybe some kind of cosmic energy eruption caused that the protons and neutrons are destroyed because the quarks got too much energy and quantum annealing pushes them away. The energy flow could explain why there are cold spots in cosmic background radiation. If there is no material in some places there is no scattering in those areas. So the cosmic background would not reflect or interact with the material. That means that those areas would seem to be colder than other areas. 

So if there is no reflective interaction between a material and cosmic background that means the microwaves are traveling through that area and the thing that the observer can see are the microwaves that are coming straight to the observer. There are no sideways going microwaves. 

Or no microwave can cause the electromagnetic oscillation of the atoms in those cold areas. When energy load hits the particle. It sends the extra energy away from it in the form of wave movement. If there is no extra particle there is no that kind of wave movement. And those areas are so-called cold areas. But what forms them? That is a mystery. Are they evidence of other universes or some more fascinating thing? 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ilc_9yr_moll4096.png

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The cold areas in the cosmic microwave background are a mystery

 

 The cold areas in the cosmic microwave background are a mystery

Image 1:

The empty area in the cosmic background is visible in the WMAP image. There is also another similar area in the middle of the image. And those so-called "cold areas" (also known as "Bubble of nothingness" or empty bubbles" ) are things that are causing discussions.  Those areas are marked in image 2. 

The reason why that microwave image is not homogeneous is a mystery. There was something that caused shadow in the comic background. There is possible that black holes pulled radiation and material out from those areas. Theoretically, somewhere in the universe could be the black holes in which the event horizon can be larger than even galaxies. But the question is, where those black holes are?

Empty areas are the cold points in the cosmic microwave map. They are like shadows that some object left in the shine of the Big Bang. In some theories, those empty areas are formed because there was an impact on another universe.

Image 2: 

Or the supermassive black holes outside the universe would pull the matter from those points. The fact is that there should not be black holes out of the universe, because those black holes would vaporize. Image 3 shows the observable universe. As you see, the material and galaxies are like in ball-shaped form. And if the black hole is out of that material core, that thing can cause that it's invisible. 

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

Image 3:  "Artist's logarithmic scale conception of the observable universe with the Solar System at the center, inner and outer planets, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, Alpha Centauri, Perseus Arm, Milky Way galaxy, Andromeda galaxy, nearby galaxies, Cosmic Web, Cosmic microwave radiation and the Big Bang on the edge" (Wikipedia Commons)

(The reason why Earth seems to be in the middle of the universe is that the observer would stay near it. So when the observer is making the ball-shaped image there is an optical trick. That the observer seems to be in the middle of the ball.)

(If an observer makes a ball-shaped image of the universe. That person seems to be in the middle of the universe. That is one of the most interesting optical illusions in the world.)

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

The fact is that the supermassive black hole must position only away from a material plate of the universe that it can remain unseen. The thing is that there are no holes in the empty areas in the universe. There is only less dense material or radiation in those cold spots. So the energy load of those points is smaller than other places in the universe. 

And that means something has pulled even radiation away from those points. The thing that made that thing could be a black hole. If the thing that created those cold spots is a black hole. That means the place of the black hole is ahead of the radiation. So the black hole must be born before the material and energy released to the universe during the Big Bang. 

The cosmic background image is introducing cosmic background that is like an echo from the Big Bang. The thing is that if somebody caused that the cold areas of the cosmic background are formed by something that causes shadow in that background. Another answer could be that there is some kind of asymmetry in the cosmic background. So was the Big Bang release some kind of flares during that case? 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

Image 1: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/making-sense-of-the-big-bang-wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probe

Image 2: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/making-sense-of-the-big-bang-wilkinson-microwave-anisotropy-probe

Image 3: https://science.nasa.gov/observable-universe

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

   

 The James Webb telescope is on its way to L-2 point.

Image 1: The Schedule of JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) (Source: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html)

There was a little mistake in my text yesterday. The James Webb Space Telescope is on its way to Sun-Earth Lagrange point L-2, not L-1. The JWST is the new and the most powerful instrument that astronomers ever get in use. And the thing is that this instrument is acting as a pathfinder to other, more powerful telescopes that are sent outside the Jupiter trajectory. 

Maybe someday the NASA and European Space Agencies are accomplishing the TAU mission. TAU (Thousand Astronomical Unit)is the space telescope that will be sent away from the solar system, and that telescope will base similar technology with the JWST. But those things are the future views of deep space missions. The truth is that the JWST can reach outer planets as well as another solar system by using excellent accuracy. 

Image 2: Lagrange points

The 6,5 meters infrared telescope of the JWST telescope makes it far more accurate than the "Spitzer" telescope, which mirror is 0,85 meters. Spitzer was a great success and that telescope was deactivated in January 2020. But the 6,5 meters infrared telescope would see more than some 0,85 meters telescope. That means the new era of space research is beginning. 

In the future, the Lagrange points around the Sun. Are useful in many more missions. One of the projects could be sending the laser satellites to those points. Those satellites can observe gravitational waves by using more high accuracy than LIGO ever can use.  Lagrange points or "L"-points gravitation is interacting with objects. The way that they are hovering in those points without the need to use the power. The L-points can benefit in positioning the large-size space stations. 

Image 3: Artist's impression of O'Neill cylinder

The O'Neill cylinder

And that thing can make them useful in the location of things like "O'Neill" cylinders. The thing is that those artificial worlds must not have similar gravitation with Earth. The "O'Neill cylinders" create gravitation by using rotating movement. 

Sometimes is mentioned that O'Neill cylinders are impossible. The rotating movement would cause centripetal force that rips the station in pieces. The gravitation field of the Earth is so strong. That the speed needed for rotating the station is very high. 

The purpose of gravitation in those systems is to anchor things like vegetable cultures to the surface. Not create similar gravitation with Earth.  But there is possible to put powerful magnets to the center of the cylinder. That magnetic stick pulls the structures of that kind of station in the middle. And the magnetic pulling effect will counteract against centripetal force. The magnets would pull the structures inside. And that keeps the wall of the cylinder in one piece. 

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/754/what-is-a-lagrange-point/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAU_(spacecraft)

Image 1: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/content/webbLaunch/whereIsWebb.html

Image 2: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/754/what-is-a-lagrange-point/

Image 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neill_cylinder

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/