In old fashion encryption, the sending system decodes the message by using the precise key. That key is the coin in this text. Then the receiving system decrypts the massage by using the same key that the sender uses but oppositely. If the sender encrypted the ASCII codes by using multiplication.
The receiver will divide the ASCII codes by using the same encryption key. In the quantum system, the sender uses a certain group of encryption keys. The idea is that the sender doesn't know precisely which encryption key it uses. But the system knows that in the number of the keychain it used.
But the sender doesn't know which number the "keychain 2" is in the receiving system. That thing makes it harder to capture the key. Each encryption key in the keychain has a certain value. In the next text. The keys are handled as physical tools like coins. So each coin is a certain key. Those values are the material (frequency), color energy level, and many other things. In the case of qubits the electron, photon, proton, and electromagnetic radiation can be used as values that are telling the system is a message meant to it.
If we compare the toss of a coin with the encryption process we can think that sending and receiving systems are tossing the coin. If the sides of the coin are the same. Those systems are in the same frequency. And the information can travel between those systems. The problem is how to make sure, that the sides of the coin are the same.
The image above is a good example of the problems with quantum encryption. In that model, the persons toss the coin. If both of them will get the same side another system is ready to receive the message. If the sides of the coin are different. The systems will not match. So in the case, that the sides are different the receiving system thinks that message is for somebody else. And it will not try to open it.
One of the biggest problems is how to send the key to the receiving system. Or how to make the coins match between systems? There can be billions of coins in the system.
Those coins or keys might look the same.
But they can be different.
The material of those coins can be different. One coin is made by using bronze.
The second one is made of nickel. And the third coin is made of ice. There are rules of the systems regarding which material they should accept, and which value of the coin is acceptable. And of course, things like impact power and other things can use as encryption value.
Also, the time when the coin is sent can make the key more complicated. So the time stamp of the coin can tell if the message is meant for receiving system. So in this system, every coin is the qubit or encryption key.
In quantum systems, the system uses uncertain principles for encrypting and decrypting the message. The system can give the keychain to encrypting tool. And then the encryption system selects one key at random. After that, the sender sends the message. And then the receiving system will know which keychain it must use. Then the system will try all keys together.
The thing that makes quantum computer superior is that they can handle at the same time multiple keys. In that case, the system uses multiple keys that are used at the same time. And that makes quantum computer superior.
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