What is information warfare? Another name for psychological operations is a lie. The fake news and faked information have based on the idea that telling lies would help own side to get sympathy.
So in psychological warfare things are told in a way that supports their side. The loss of trust is one way that makes the information operations fail. People should learn that they must be suspicious of all information shared in all kinds of media. Especially if information comes from the conflict area. In conflicts, there is a higher risk of faked information.
We must remember all the time when we are reading some kind of information that we have a free press in the western world. But the situation is not the same in all nations. There are many countries where journalists are working under the observation of authorities. And in some countries, the laws are making it impossible to criticize governments.
There are five ways in which psychological operations can fail.
1) The information that is shared would not reach targets.
2) People would not just trust information that is shared.
3) People don't want to see the information.
4) Information channel, like discussion forum, is hard to reach or it's banned.
5) Information is not otherwise believable.
The thing is that the Russians have used fake news all the time. And people might not believe information that Russian official media share anyway. Trust is the key element in information operations. And if the information operator is caught once from lies. That means the trust in the operator is gone for a long time.
People would not want to see information that makes them feel uncomfortable. The best way to make people avoid information is just to share violent pictures and cheat individual people in those information channels. Also if the channel causes trouble that thing causes that people will start to avoid it. Things like the threat of violence are not making information trusted. One of the details of how to recognize the disinformation group is that they don't tolerate criticism.
Or another than official opinions are not tolerated. If somebody says something against the official opinion that causes banning.
That causes the effect that people would not even want to read and see the information that is shared on channels like discussion forums. And if people would feel that the information channel threats them. That thing causes the officials of hosts of the service will block that channel.
And what is the not believable information? The information has no match in real life. Or the trick images are not made properly. Or it contains some details like some Superman from Marvel comics would come to fight with own troops.
https://scitechdaily.com/research-exposes-long-term-failure-of-russian-propaganda-in-ukraine/
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https://scitechdaily.com/research-exposes-long-term-failure-of-russian-propaganda-in-ukraine/
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