Is EM-drive joke or not?

Is the EM-drive some kind of weapon? That kind of electromagnetic loudspeaker can install on killer satellites. Which mission is to destroy communication or some other important support systems like positioning or recon satellites. The microwave can cause damages to the electronics of other satellites. 

The thing about EM drives is that they are all purely theoretical. And their thrust in sea level is less than one billionth of the regular rockets. They are all hypothetical systems if we are talking about wave-movement-based systems or so-called photon rockets. And their cousins microwave-based EM-drives. The photon rockets are researched from the 1970s and the idea is that only photons can reach the speed of light. 

The fact is that all engines that are introduced here are hypothetical or theoretical. And the photon or other  EM-drive would not ever operate in the atmosphere. The only operational area of those engines would be far away from the atmosphere. 

If we shoot photons in a WARP bubble. They would travel faster than other photons. Same way microwaves can cross the speed of light in WARP-bubble. 

The idea of the EM-drive like photon or microwave engines as the higher-than speed of light thrusters bases the idea of the shoot photons to the WARP bubble. In that case, the photons or microwaves that are traveling in WARP-bubble. Travel faster than the speed of light is outside the WARP bubble. 

A small WARP bubble might be created accidentally by researchers. There is the possibility create the electron-size WARP bubble. And then shooting photons through it. That thing makes it possible that photons travel short moments faster than light. 

The problem with photon rockets is a weak thrust and that system is useful only in the speed that is near the speed of light. The photon rockets are like the microwave engines systems that are planned to use in interstellar flights. So wave-movement-based EM-engines are not suitable even for interplanetary flight. There are three types of photon rockets planned in theoretical research. 

1) So-called non-coherent photon engine which uses the normal photons. That is the system that is normally called a photon rocket. The thrust for that engine can increase by using antimatter. In that case, the annihilation is creating the thrust and photons. That is needed in the last part of acceleration. 

2) The laser-beam or coherent photon engine. That engine uses laser rays. And it can give more thrust than a non-coherent photon engine. The lasers can also use to push things like solar sails. But in this text focus is on the laser engines, which laser is in the craft. 

That system would shoot laser rays. Through the rocket's reaction chamber. That system is planned to use with antimatter engines. The antimatter would react in the combustion chamber. 

That laser ray can use to increase the temperature in the combustion chamber. And it can use along with ion rockets. In that case, ions will travel through the ion accelerator and the laser will increase their energy level. 

And then the laser beam would give the last punch to craft. The laser beam can be used to vaporize some gas. And then it can use to travel between planets. But for interstellar flight, there is needed to use some other device like an antimatter engine. 

3) Microwave engines. Along with microwaves, the thrust of those systems is similar to some free photon engines. But microwaves can use to replace combustion in the combustion chamber. In that case, gas like liquid methane or hydrogen will give the thrust. The EM engine is normally useless. 

But if there is injected vaporizing material. The vaporized gas would give the thrust for that engine. The microwaves can also be used to vaporize silicon or some other solid material for use in ion engines. The ion engines would ionize that vapor and then it can be driven to the magnetic accelerator. 

Is EM engine some kind of microwave weapon? As I wrote at the beginning of this text? The microwave engine can also be a microwave weapon. If some killer satellite would be equipped with microwave cannon which is similar to the so-called EM-drive, that thing can damage the other satellites quite easily. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/no-warp-bubble/

https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/329631-scientists-havent-created-a-warp-bubble-but-theyre-a-bit-closer-to-testing-one

https://me.ign.com/en/tech/192998/news/scientists-take-a-step-towards-building-a-real-life-warp-drive-by-accident

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/warp/warp.html

https://www.space.com/can-emdrive-space-propulsion-concept-work

https://www.techtimes.com/articles/265295/20210912/nasa-warp-drive-explained.htm

https://www.techtimes.com/articles/269047/20211207/worlds-first-warp-bubble-discovered-serendipity-darpa-researchers-find-strange.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter_rocket

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam-powered_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmDrive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_photonic_rocket

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_rocket

The link to PDF files of photon engine:

Image: https://www.businessinsider.com/rocket-lab-launches-photon-satellite-2020-9?r=US&IR=T

Let's go back to entangled tardigrades. And Captain James T. Kirk and his material transportation.

 Let's go back to entangled tardigrades. And Captain James T. Kirk and his material transportation. 

How to teleport people to another planet safely? One version would be that the promising star would send the chamber in which atoms are quantum entangled and superpositioned. In the simplest version, the chamber just releases robots. That transfer data by using light-year-long superpositioned and entangled particles. 

Because superpositioned and entangled particles are like an extremely long sticks. That thing makes it possible to round the cosmic speed limit. When another particle moves the other will move too. But biotechnology can also be used in that thing. 

Then that chamber would make clones of the people and then those clones would start to communicate with their creators. This is one version of long-term teleportation. But maybe someday we could teleport even humans. But the first teleported organisms could be tardigrades. 

Tardigrades might be the first teleported organisms. Making quantum entangled tardigrades might not be so fantastic as some futuristic Captain James T. Kirk from the fictional Star Trek series. Where the starship Enterprise travels around the universe faster than light. 

And in that series, Captain Kirk uses the material teleportation every day. The question is can we someday make the real teleportation system that will make the fiction of Star Trek true. There is biotechnology and other possibilities to make the superposition of the space crew in our futuristic mission. 

There is three possible way to make teleportation. The robots are offering the possibility of virtual teleportation. That thing makes it possible to create the VR-reality connection between the robot and human operators. 

1) The crew might use zombie bodies. The robots that landed on the planets and then those crew members can simply use them by using virtual reality. Or the crew might have the ability to communicate with external bodies by using the EEG-based remote control. 

In that case, our spaceship would have two parts. The first comes the robot deliverer. And then the hypothetical manned spacecraft will follow that robot carrier. In that case, the system can be called virtual teleportation and this technology is already in use.

Those robots can be made of steel or carbon fiber. Or they can be biorobots. The biorobot is the genetically engineered body that is controlled by using microchips. That is implanted in its nervous system. That kind of robot can operate on the planet. And the crew would be safe. The crew can communicate with landed robots and use them as remote-control tools.  

There is the possibility that there are bio chambers in our futuristic spacecraft where are always clones of the crew members. When the first person dies. The memories of that person would copy to that clone. 

2) Ion-based teleportation. The ion ray would send to the chamber where they will re-order. In that system, the person would be turned to ions and then that system sends the ions to the chamber that is equipped with an invisibility cloak. 

There the highly advanced, futuristic system puts ions in the same order. Where they were when the hypothetical craft sent them to that chamber. This type of system is interesting. And it might be true in the future. 

3) The quantum entanglement or superposition-based systems. Those systems are making quantum entanglement by using atoms of the body. And that means the person would be in two places at one time. 

But there is the possibility to make this kind of quantum entanglement by benefiting the organisms on the planet. The quantum entanglement can make straight to the nervous system. Or it can create by using a technical device. The quadcopters can install the small-size microchip to the organisms that are delivered to the planet. And then those organisms can transmit data from the surface.

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/human-teleportation/

https://www.iflscience.com/physics/tardigrade-might-be-first-animal-to-be-quantum-entangled-and-live/

. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleportation

Image: https://bigthink.com/hard-science/human-teleportation/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

   

 The moonbase plays a big role in the solar system colonization.

Moonbase is the thing that might not look so impressive as Mars or Jupiter bases. But in moonbase, the researchers can find out how to make structures in space conditions. The moonbase is the perfect place for making social and other types of tests for long-term flights. If something goes wrong the mission must abort immediately. There is possible to test life-support and other systems.

Moon station is also possible to use for testing systems like computers, independent operating robots, and AI. And other things that will be trusted and easy to operate. If something goes wrong on the Moon. that thing is far easier to fix than if something goes wrong on Mars. 

And on the moon returning to Earth is easier than from Mars or the asteroid belt. The moonbase is also offering a safe place for loading and starting the nuclear reactors for nuclear-powered rockets. When some nuclear-powered NERVA or ion rocket starts near-Earth. And if something goes wrong. There is the possibility that radioactive debris will fall to the Earth. 

So if the starting of those engines will happen at the Moon orbiter the radioactive debris will fall to the ground. The moon is also offering a shield against the EMP-pulses that are forming if the Orion-type of system where the small nuclear bombs will push the craft to the outer solar system. The ion rockets can also cause problems for satellites if the high-energetic ions will impact them. 

The thing is that electrostatic and microwave-based systems where the propellant is vaporized by using microwaves and them shoot back by using magnetic accelerators are one of the most capable systems. The ion engine requires vaporized material like iron steam but also other ions would be useful. 

The problem is how to vaporize the iron or silicone? One version is to use a hybrid system where the material is vaporized by using microwaves. And then it will ionize. Then the system will drive those ions backward by using the magnetic track. 

Things like water jet rocket engines are rocket engines. Which are using water or hydrogen as the propellant. The idea of those systems is to replace nuclear reactor what is used in NERVA engines by using something that is not so radioactive. That thing makes the microwave engine a useful tool. 

Liquid hydrogen or water will pump into the nozzle. And microwaves are vaporizing it. The full benefit of those systems will get if the liquid gas has a low vaporizing point. The microwaves can use to expand the propellant as well fire or nuclear engines are making. The moonbase is ideal for testing that kind of system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/off-earth-manufacturing-using-local-resources-to-build-a-new-home-on-another-world/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmDrive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/images/Future-Moon-Base-1536x864.jpg

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

 

 The spaceflight to Jupiter and beyond

Image 1) Artist's concept of Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter.

NASA is looking for contractors for the "Prometheus" or JIMO (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) mission system. And those nuclear-powered unmanned space probes are opening the road to the sample bringing missions to outer solar systems. 

The experiences that are opening the road to the manned missions to the outer solar system. Those missions require more powerful and advanced technology than missions to Mars. 

What if the EEG of the sleeping crew can use to control spacecraft? 

The scientific team talks lucid messages to people's dreams.

The ability to control dreams is one of the most interesting visions in the world of neuroscience. Dreams are the position where the brain can use the most of its capacity. And that time can use to turn the brain into a productive machine. The ability to control dreams is making it possible to create the obsession to make something. But if we will create a system that can interact with sleeping people. That thing makes it possible to communicate with people. 

While they are in anesthesia or even in a coma. Theoretically, it is possible to make a system that projects people's dreams to the computer screens. That thing requires "only" the system that decodes the EEG to the computer. The ability to communicate with brains while the person is sleeping can play a key role in the future spaceflights to the outer solar system. The computer can input data into the brains of the crew members. 

While they are on the extremely long journey to Jupiter. In that kind of journey, long-term anesthesia is required for keeping the social problems minimal. So in that kind of system, the brains of the crew members can use to communicate with computers. That means those people would control the craft by using EEG waves while they are sleeping. Jupiter is maybe the limit for the nuclear rockets. 

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How a futuristic probe brings samples from Jupiter to Earth?

There is possible to combine flyby and the orbital mission by dropping the sub-craft to the planetary orbiter from the flyby craft. But that sub-craft requires the breaking time. The idea is that the Jupiter craft will make a flyby of Jupiter. 

During that part of the mission, it drops the orbiter craft. Then it can fly to Saturn and use that planet as the gravitational sling that takes it back to Jupiter. There the smaller probe will dock to the main flyby probe. And return to Earth.

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And the journey to there and back requires near 4000 days. The flight time to Jupiter is 600 days if the system makes a flyby. But positioning the craft to the orbital trajectory requires 2000 days. And that is one of the biggest problems in space flight. The journey to Jupiter and back requires 11 years. And that means the craft would just visit that planet. That is an extremely long time. And that is one of the limits for the plans to fly to other planets. 

But if we want to fly farther the problem is aging. That means the aging of the DNA must deny. If we want to send living astronauts to another planet or solar system. There is the possibility that in the distant future. Biotechnology can fix the damages to the DNA of the crew. In that system, the DNA of the crew has been stored in the digital memory of the artificial intelligence. 

And then, the nanomachines can replace the damaged DNA while crew members are aging. If the aging of the crew members can deny. By using some other method than cooling them to zero kelvin degrees. That thing makes it possible to use their brains as part of the computer system. 

Image 2) Daedalus spacecraft concept (Wikipedia)

The Daedalus 3 plan. 

As I am written many times in the 1970s British Interplanetary Society created the Daedalus project. The hypothetical unmanned spacecraft can use to travel to Proxima Centauri or Barnard's star. Maybe Daedalus can ever take astronauts to other solar systems. But that craft and its fusion engine could be a powerful tool for traveling inside the solar system. 

But there are made some theoretical mission profiles for visiting the Proxima and Alpha Centauri. 

The thing is that the flight time to Proxima Centauri would be extremely long if the craft must station to the orbit of that star. The Daedalus can reach 25% of the speed of light by using the antimatter engine. But that is very low. That means the hypothetical Daedalus might be an unmanned system controlled by very advanced artificial intelligence. The flyby would be a very good possibility. Because in that case, the craft must not break when it comes to the Proxima system. 

The idea is that the craft would make flyby but in that case, it shoots the sub-probe to the orbiter of the Proxima Centauri. The sub probe would collect samples from the Proxima system. And then the main craft or another Daedalus would use Alpha Centauri as the gravitation sling that would turn in back to Earth. During that process, the sub-probe will get back and dock to Daedalus. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/dreams-talk-lucid-messages-b1804671.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

Image 1 ) https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-selects-contractor-for-first-prometheus-mission-to-jupiter

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

  

 New robots bring new tricks.

Robots that emulate fish are more effective than robots that are using propellers. If the robot has similar fins and tails with fish. It won't get stuck to the algae and water vegetables so easily as propellers using robots. The problem with small-size robots is that they have limited power sources. The thing is that also larger nuclear-powered submarines can have fins and structures like pike fish that kind of submarine might have stealth drive along with propellers. 

Structures that are used and tested in miniature submarines. Can turn to use in larger-scale submarines. There is also tested the cuttlefish-looking submarine construction. Those kinds of systems can use water jets for driving fast underwater. 

Then the robot can use those fins in the area where the system needs to operate accurately. Those robots can be of various sizes. And they can use to recover the material from the bottom of the oceans by using manipulator's arms. 

Those little bit spider-looking machines can use to return things like nuclear reactors and secretive things like dropped nuclear bombs in secretive missions. As well as they can use to return chemical waste or something like that. 

The flying man-shaped robots can also be modern technology. The same technology that is created for those systems can also use to lift people. The man-looking flying robots can someday research planets like Venus and Saturn moon Titan. But they can also drop to research the jungles in Papua-New Guinea. 

New technology like large-size quadcopters can use to lift people from the ground. And sometimes is tested the backpack, that has a helicopter structure. The tail rotor would be at the end of the telescope tail. And the main rotor would be in the middle of the backpack. Those kinds of systems have problems with power supply. 

So the quadcopters are easier to control. And they can be connected to the wireless game control sticks. Those systems are almost safe. Because of the battery is ended. That robot can have autorotation mode. The autorotation guarantees that the system can return to the ground safely. 

The quadcopters that are lifting humans can use to land the special operations teams to the ground. And then fly back to VTOL aircraft. The same quadcopters can also rise window cleaners to the roof of buildings. But in the same way, things like burglars can use quadcopters to lift them and their equipment to the roofs of their targets. The fact is that this kind of technology is open source. Everybody can buy a quadcopter from shops. And then the person needs only the employment skills to enlarge that system. 

Italian "iron man robot". (https://www.engadget.com/)

https://interestingengineering.com/cuttlefish-like-robots-are-far-more-efficient-than-propeller-powered-machines

Next-generation nanotechnology can be independent-operating molecule-sized robots.

 Next-generation nanotechnology can be independent-operating molecule-sized robots.

"A DNAzyme (red) uses its binding arms to dock at a specific location on an RNA strand (yellow) and then cleaves it at its core. High-resolution, real-time NMR, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy."

"As well as Molecular Dynamics Simulations are used to identify the structure. And catalytic mechanisms of the DNAzyme. Credit: HHU/Manuel Etzkorn" (https://scitechdaily.com/dnazymes-how-active-dna-biocatalysts-that-destroy-unwanted-rna-molecules-work/)

The active DNA catalysts are the gate to DNA-controlled, independently-operating, molecular-size nanomachines. 

The DNAzymes or active DNA biocatalysts are next-generation tools for destroying unwanted RNA. The DNA molecule is one of the tools. That can use for controlling molecular-size machines. DNA is like a chemical computer program. And if the researchers can make synthetic DNA that can make exactly what they want they have the ultimate tool for making genetically engineered cells. 

Those synthetic DNA bites can use to make cells immune against AIDS. And also the DNA-controlled enzymes can use to destroy dangerous viruses in the blood and tissues. DNA-controlled enzymes are the new and powerful solution of nanotechnology. The thing is that those enzymes can program to make many things that are making the medical more effective than ever before. 

The use of DNA-controlled enzymes can make it possible to remove the virus genomes from the cells that are already infected. The same enzymes can carry the ricin molecules in the cancer cells. But the problem is that the DNA-controlled enzymes are just under development. 

The DNAzymes can also be used to carry the small pieces of metal or some other material to the cells. And then that thing would make resonate by using EM-radiation. The thing is that intelligent enzymes can use to destroy things like poisons. That means this type of technology can use to destroy things like nerve gases and other chemical weapons. This is the reason why this kind of research is interesting for the military as well as civilians. 

The DNA-controlled molecules can clean water. They can destroy the oil and other things like explosives from the ground. The artificial DNA molecules can use to make very independently operating molecular-size nanomachines. 

The DNA-controlled and radio wave-activated enzymes are next-generation Bellefon and Khaimara in one package. In the wrong hands, those kinds of tools are making legendary and horrifying Novichok-chemical seem like some kind of candy. That technology can use to create weapons that are more horrifying than ever before. 

But the same way those new intelligent chemicals are making it possible to save the life of people. The DNA-controlled nanorobots can clean the body from chemicals. And they can also make it possible to destroy things like cancer from areas where it is impossible to destroy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dnazymes-how-active-dna-biocatalysts-that-destroy-unwanted-rna-molecules-work/

Image:https://scitechdaily.com/dnazymes-how-active-dna-biocatalysts-that-destroy-unwanted-rna-molecules-work/

Primitive animals like insects can use for modeling new types of data handling tools for small-size robots.

   

 Primitive animals like insects can use for modeling new types of data handling tools for small-size robots. 

Image 1:

Why scientists are interested in how the fly is navigating in 3D space? Primitive animals make many things by using a couple of neurons. And that process can copy to the computers which are used to navigate things like drones. The fact is that also things like flies and butterflies are migrating. And that ability can copy to things like drones. The ability to understand the operands of the neurons makes it possible to make more autonomic and more independent robots. The problem with computers is that the things like butterflies can make many things that computers are making. 

But the problem is that butterflies or flies are needed less space than computers. So the system that some monarch butterflies are using in their lifetime is more compact than some supercomputers. If we want to make a long-range drone that can make the same things with monarch butterflies it requires outsourced computers. Theoretically is quite easy to make a robot butterfly that has an operation range even thousands of kilometers. 

Daytime that robot can use miniaturized solar panels- And night time it can use miniaturized fuel cells which are using ethanol or methanol as the fuel. But the problem is that this type of robot needs outsourced computers. So the thing is that the butterflies might have fewer neurons than in some supercomputer has microchips. But the butterfly makes more things with its neurons. 

Image 2:

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Modern microchips can turn any neuron into a biocomputer. 

There is the possibility to turn the brains of the bugs into the biological computer. The system requires "only" that the similar microchips that are used to control the actions of bacteria will install in the neurons of those bugs. 

The data that is wanted to process in those neurons can be input to them by using those microchips. That kind of system can use to turn living bugs into zombies or cyborgs that can be remote controlled. Also, that kind of system can use to create more powerful data handling units. 

The computer has used lights to control cyborg bacteria. Similar technology could use to transmit data to neurons. But new nanotechnical microchips are more powerful tools. And they can transmit data to neurons benefiting magnetite crystals in the neurons. 

Or those microchips are interacting with axons. They can send a nano-size electric wire to the axon and transmit data in there by using electric impulses. 

https://www.futurity.org/cyborg-bacteria-cybergenetics-1275212/

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Researchers can use knowledge of how the nervous system of insects is working to create more economical and powerful computers. 

But the times are changing. There is the possibility to implant nano-technical microchips in the bug's nervous system. Those systems can give orders to them. And then, they can store the nervous signals what those bugs are creating. After that, the bigger drone can call those bugs to it and it can download the memory of those microchips. The ability to encode and decode the EEG of the bugs is one of the amazing visions in the world. That thing makes it possible to use those things as biological surveillance systems. 

The thing is that making hybrid computers where living neurons are connected with microchips is one of the most fascinating ideas in computer science.

The computers that are connected with living neurons are the most powerful tools in history. If we want to create a system that uses fuzzy logic use of living neurons is the best opportunity. The problem is that the abilities of that kind of hybrid computer are unknown. The thing that makes regular computers safe is simple. Operators can select and download controlled data to it. 

If we are connecting computers to living neurons. We are creating a cyborg. A cybernetical organism means that the system might have consciousness and will like all other creatures. This kind of system has also the ability to defend itself. How the system interacts with people is depending what kind of tools it has. And the second thing is that the system must know how to use those tools. 

Living neurons are the thing that is giving so-called wild card ability for computers. Genomes are controlling the behavior of the species. And if those neurons are taken from the insects are put in the combat drones. That drone can believe that it's the monarch butterfly. So before that kind of system is put in use neurons must be cleaned. 

That means the heritable memories and fears must remove from their DNA. Researchers must make this type of thing. Before we can start to make the hybrid microchips there is an organic part. That connected to the regular microchips. The regular microchips needed to act as the port between neurons and quantum systems. The problem with quantum computers is that they are large-size systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/navigation-neuroscience-how-a-flys-brain-calculates-its-position-in-space/

https://thenextweb.com/news/scientists-created-biological-quantum-circuit-grisly-experiment-tardigrades

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterfly

Image 1:)https://scitechdaily.com/navigation-neuroscience-how-a-flys-brain-calculates-its-position-in-space/

Image 2:) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterfly

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/